Exam 2- memory Flashcards
Synesthesia
someone who experiences sensations in one sense when a different sense is stimulated
Memory
Ability to store and use information
Also the store of what has been learned and remembered
Not necessarily conscious, as much of what we remember cannot intentionally be brought into awareness
Sensory Memory
Holds information in its original sensory form for a very brief period of time, usually about a half a second or less
Lasts for between less than ½ of a second to 2 or 3 seconds
Iconic memory
part of sensory memory
Brief visual record left on the retina of the eye
4th of July Sparklers-Drawing your name
Echoic memory
part of sensory memory
Short-term retention of sounds
Fire alarm turns off but still hear the sound
Short-Term or Working Memory
Working memory is required to attend to and solve a problem at hand; often used interchangeably with short-term memory
Short-term memory capacity
7 items on average, with a range of 5 to 9 units
Local phone numbers
Chunking
Breaking down a list of items into a smaller set of meaningful units
How short-term memory works
Attending
Storing
Rehearsing
Serial position effect
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Types of Long Term Memory
Implicit memory
Explicit memory
Implicit memory
Procedural memory
Priming
Explicit memory
Semantic
Episodic
Semantic
Episodic
Effortful and automatic processing
3 Levels of processing
Mnemonic devices
Consolidation
Stabilizing or solidifying a memory
Storage
Hierarchies
Schemas
Associative networks
Retrieval
Recovery of stored information
Levels of Processing (from shallow to Low)
Structural, Phonemic, Sematic
The Sensory Cortexes
Vision → Occipital lobes
Hearing → Temporal lobes
Touch → Parietal lobes
Prefrontal cortex
helps filter important from unimportant information
Hippocampus
Sensory information then goes to the hippocampus, where consolidation can take hours or weeks
Which memories are easier to recall? (factual or emotional)
emotional
Flashbulb Memories
detailed, vivid, very specific memories of highly charged events
Hebb’s law is about
LTP (long term potention)=Strengthening of a synaptic connection that results when the synapse of one neuron repeatedly fires and excites another neuron
Eric Kandel
Eric Kandel
CREB
Interference
Disruption of memory due to the presence of competing information
Retroactive interference
Proactive interference
Absent-mindedness
Inattention to a stimulus impairs one’s ability to encode, store, and later retrieve information
Do you study in front of the television?
Blocking
An inability to retrieve stored information
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Repression
An unconscious form of forgetting that keeps threatening thoughts, feelings, or impulses out of consciousness
“traumatic events”
Suggestibility
When memories are altered based on leading questions, comments, or statements from some other source
False and/or recovered memories
What are the two different types of Amnesia?
Anterograde and retrograde
Anterograde
Inability to remember events and experiences that occur after an injury or the onset of disease
Retrograde
Inability to recall events or experiences that happened before the onset of disease or injury
