Exam 2 MC Flashcards
which molecule is often called the cell’s energy currency
adenosine triphosphate
which site on an enzyme is where substrates bind
the active site
which of the following provides the best definition for the term metabolism
all of the reactions in a cell
many coenzymes are
vitamins
catabolism is a form of metabolism in which ___ molecules are converted into ___ molecules
large, small
____ is another term for biosynthesis
anabolism
which of the following refers to a reaction in which a molecule gains an electron (or a hydrogen)
reduction
Rhizobia are bacteria that live in the root nodules of plants known as legumes (T/F)
true
an enzyme ___ the activation energy required for a chemical reaction
lowers
complete oxidation (breakdown) of glucose in aerobic respiration can yield a net output of ___ ATP
38
fermentation of a glucose molecule has the potential to produce a net number of __ ATPs
2
the catabolism of fatty acids is called
B-oxidation
the product(s) of glycolysis is/are
ATP and water
which of the following is the term for free-living bacteria
planktonic
all biofilms are harmful to human health (T/F)
false
an organism that grows best in moderate temperatures is known as a ____
mesophile
The pH of human blood is approximately 7.4 and the body temperature is approximately 37 °C. Which of the following best describes a human pathogen?
neutrophiles & mesophiles
which of the following best describes FtsZ
the protein that assembles the Z ring, which forms a divisome before division by binary fission
halophiles require what in high concentrations of growth
salt
which of the following is an indirect method of measuring numbers of bacterial cells
turbidity measurements
microorganisms that grow optimally at a pH less than 5.55 are called ____
acidophiles
which of the following best describes how a microaerophile would grow in a thioglycolate tube culture
a short distance below the top of the medium, but not at the top
Assume you inoculated 100 facultatively anaerobic cells onto nutrient agar and incubated the plate aerobically. You then inoculated 100 cells of the same species onto nutrient agar and incubated the second plate anaerobically. After incubation for 24 hours, you should have
more colonies on the aerobic plate
If the generation time of a bacterium is one hour, assuming you start with one bacterium, how many bacteria will be present after three hours?
eight
rolling circle replication is a type of rapid unidirectional DNA synthesis of a circular DNA molecule used for the replication of some plasmids (T/F)
true
what is the name given to bacterial cellular division
binary fission
a change in one nucleotide of the dna sequence, that results in the same amino acid being coded for is called a _______
silent mutation
DNA replication is semiconservative because the _____ strand will become half of the ____ molecule
template; finished
why must the lagging strand of DNA be replicated in short pieces
the DNA polymerase
which key factors were utilized by Meselson and Stahl to show DNA replication followed a semi-conservative method
nitrogen isotopes
which of the following statements about the products of mitosis is true
four daughter cells result
when a protein denatures, which of the following protein structures is unaffected
primary structure
the prokaryotic chromosome is also referred to as the
genophore
in prokaryotes, replication, transcription, and translation take place in the _____
cytoplasm
quorum sensing mechanisms require large numbers of bacteria to be present because
the inducer must be made in sufficient quantities to activate its receptor
messenger RNA is formed by ___ of a gene on the DNA template strand
transcription
In _____, polypeptides are synthesized using mRNA sequences and cellular machinery, including tRNAs that match mRNA codons to specific amino acids and ribosomes composed of RNA and proteins that catalyze the reaction.
translation
