Exam 2 MC

Question 1

which molecule is often called the cell’s energy currency

Answer 1

adenosine triphosphate

Question 2

which site on an enzyme is where substrates bind

Answer 2

the active site

Question 3

which of the following provides the best definition for the term metabolism

Answer 3

all of the reactions in a cell

Question 4

many coenzymes are

Answer 4

vitamins

Question 5

catabolism is a form of metabolism in which ___ molecules are converted into ___ molecules

Answer 5

large, small

Question 6

____ is another term for biosynthesis

Answer 6

anabolism

Question 7

which of the following refers to a reaction in which a molecule gains an electron (or a hydrogen)

Answer 7

reduction

Question 8

Rhizobia are bacteria that live in the root nodules of plants known as legumes (T/F)

Answer 8

true

Question 9

an enzyme ___ the activation energy required for a chemical reaction

Answer 9

lowers

Question 10

complete oxidation (breakdown) of glucose in aerobic respiration can yield a net output of ___ ATP

Answer 10

38

Question 11

fermentation of a glucose molecule has the potential to produce a net number of __ ATPs

Answer 11

2

Question 12

the catabolism of fatty acids is called

Answer 12

B-oxidation

Question 13

the product(s) of glycolysis is/are

Answer 13

ATP and water

Question 14

which of the following is the term for free-living bacteria

Answer 14

planktonic

Question 15

all biofilms are harmful to human health (T/F)

Answer 15

false

Question 16

an organism that grows best in moderate temperatures is known as a ____

Answer 16

mesophile

Question 17

The pH of human blood is approximately 7.4 and the body temperature is approximately 37 °C. Which of the following best describes a human pathogen?

Answer 17

neutrophiles & mesophiles

Question 18

which of the following best describes FtsZ

Answer 18

the protein that assembles the Z ring, which forms a divisome before division by binary fission

Question 19

halophiles require what in high concentrations of growth

Answer 19

salt

Question 20

which of the following is an indirect method of measuring numbers of bacterial cells

Answer 20

turbidity measurements

Question 21

microorganisms that grow optimally at a pH less than 5.55 are called ____

Answer 21

acidophiles

Question 22

which of the following best describes how a microaerophile would grow in a thioglycolate tube culture

Answer 22

a short distance below the top of the medium, but not at the top

Question 23

Assume you inoculated 100 facultatively anaerobic cells onto nutrient agar and incubated the plate aerobically. You then inoculated 100 cells of the same species onto nutrient agar and incubated the second plate anaerobically. After incubation for 24 hours, you should have

Answer 23

more colonies on the aerobic plate

Question 24

If the generation time of a bacterium is one hour, assuming you start with one bacterium, how many bacteria will be present after three hours?

Answer 24

eight

Question 25

rolling circle replication is a type of rapid unidirectional DNA synthesis of a circular DNA molecule used for the replication of some plasmids (T/F)

Answer 25

true

Question 26

what is the name given to bacterial cellular division

Answer 26

binary fission

Question 27

a change in one nucleotide of the dna sequence, that results in the same amino acid being coded for is called a _______

Answer 27

silent mutation

Question 28

DNA replication is semiconservative because the _____ strand will become half of the ____ molecule

Answer 28

template; finished

Question 29

why must the lagging strand of DNA be replicated in short pieces

Answer 29

the DNA polymerase

Question 30

which key factors were utilized by Meselson and Stahl to show DNA replication followed a semi-conservative method

Answer 30

nitrogen isotopes

Question 31

which of the following statements about the products of mitosis is true

Answer 31

four daughter cells result

Question 32

when a protein denatures, which of the following protein structures is unaffected

Answer 32

primary structure

Question 33

the prokaryotic chromosome is also referred to as the

Answer 33

genophore

Question 34

in prokaryotes, replication, transcription, and translation take place in the _____

Answer 34

cytoplasm

Question 35

quorum sensing mechanisms require large numbers of bacteria to be present because

Answer 35

the inducer must be made in sufficient quantities to activate its receptor

Question 36

messenger RNA is formed by ___ of a gene on the DNA template strand

Answer 36

transcription

Question 37

In _____, polypeptides are synthesized using mRNA sequences and cellular machinery, including tRNAs that match mRNA codons to specific amino acids and ribosomes composed of RNA and proteins that catalyze the reaction.

Answer 37

translation