Exam 3 MC Flashcards
“mad cow disease” is the result of infection of cattle with what type of agent
prion
a completely clear zone surrounding a colony of Streptococcus spp. grown on blood agar, representing complete lysis of the red blood cells represents ____
alpha hemolysis
a patient presents with blurred, trouble swallowing, general fatigue, and constipation. which pathogen is causing these symptoms
Clostridium botulinum
a prophage is an early stage in the
lysogenic cycle
Because some organisms, like Staphylococcus aureus produce _____, contaminated food can still cause illness, even though all of the actual bacteria may have been killed during the cooking process.
enterotoxins
examples of cytopathic effects of viruses are
- inclusion bodies
- giant cells
- multiple nuclei
examples of mechanisms pathogens use to avoid phagocytosis include ____
capsules
giardia is a(n) ___ that invades the ___.
flagellate; intestines
in general, fungi derive nutrients through
decomposing and digesting organic substances
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
transmitted by the Tsetse fly
Leishmania
transmitted by blood-feeding sand flies
Trypanosoma cruzi
transmitted by kissing bug
E. coli
Mannose (a type of sugar) sensitive and resistant pili add in attachment, and therefore colonization
Shigella
more often diagnosed in the summer
Salmonella
typhoid
Vibrio
“rice-water stools”
Mycoplasma have ____, while Mycobacteria are ___
no cell wall; acid-fast
pregnant women are advised to avoid sliced deli meat and soft cheese. this is due to several outbreaks in multiple states of ___ which resulted in deaths and miscarriages
Listeria monocytogenes
protozoa are characterized by the ability to form a ___ in order to protect itself in adverse conditions
cyst
select all of the following that are caused by spirochetes
syphilis
lyme disease
select of all of the following that are dermatophytes
trichophyton
microsporum
epidermophyton floccosum
the capsid is composed of protein subunits called
capsomers
the limitations in cell and tissue type of a particular host species is know as what
tropism
the nucleic acid of a virus is
either dna or rna
viruses are not included in the tree of life because they are ___
acellular
viruses containing +ssRNA are called
retroviruses
viruses that persist in the cell and cause recurrent disease are considered
latent
what is the definition of the eclipse phase
when the virion enters the host cell
where do aspergillus infections usually occur
lungs
which of the following fungi is most likely to be found within reticuloendothelial cells?
histoplasma
which of the following regarding Candida albicans is incorrect
Candida albicans is transmitted primarily by respiratory aerosol
you find a bacteria that is gram positive, forms endospores, and grows in the presence of oxygen. the best classification for this bacteria would be a member of the genus ____
Bacillus
____ different genera of microorganisms live on healthy human skin
205
amebic dysentary is caused by
Entamoeba histolytica
which of the following is not a property of a virus
an infectious cellular pathogen
the protein subunits that surround the nucleic acid of a virus are known as which of the following
capsomeres
the Baltimore Classification system describes viruses according to which characteristic
the viral genome
which of the following properly lists in order the steps of viral replication
attachment - penetration - biosynthesis - maturation - lysis
which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer relies on the use of viruses
transduction
which of the following cannot be classified as either gram positive or gram negative on the basis of the gram staining protocol
mycoplasma
Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, in an example of which group of organisms
spirochetes
clostridium
gram-positive rods
enterococcus
pairs of cocci
mycoplasma
relatively small, pleomorphic
streptococcus
chains of cocci
protozoa are best described as being
photosynthetic, unicellular microorganisms
which organism is best known as the “brain-eating amoeba?”
Naegleria fowleri
african sleeping sickness is caused by which pathogens
Trypanosoma bruceii
the cell walls of fungi are largely composed of which of the following
chitin
which of the following includes fungi used as foods (such as truffles), bread molds, and pathogenic fungi such as Trichophyton
Ascomycota
Which fungus is common in the microbiome of a healthly individual
Aspergillus
Which of the following is an enzyme found in retroviruses
reverse transcriptase
which of the following viruses does not cause latent infection
adenovirus
chicken pox can reemerge as which disease
shingles
an acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and capability of replicating its genome is known as which of the following
viroid
