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Introduction to Microbiology > Exam 3 MC > Flashcards

Exam 3 MC Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

“mad cow disease” is the result of infection of cattle with what type of agent

A

prion

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2
Q

a completely clear zone surrounding a colony of Streptococcus spp. grown on blood agar, representing complete lysis of the red blood cells represents ____

A

alpha hemolysis

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3
Q

a patient presents with blurred, trouble swallowing, general fatigue, and constipation. which pathogen is causing these symptoms

A

Clostridium botulinum

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4
Q

a prophage is an early stage in the

A

lysogenic cycle

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5
Q

Because some organisms, like Staphylococcus aureus produce _____, contaminated food can still cause illness, even though all of the actual bacteria may have been killed during the cooking process.

A

enterotoxins

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6
Q

examples of cytopathic effects of viruses are

A
  • inclusion bodies
  • giant cells
  • multiple nuclei
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7
Q

examples of mechanisms pathogens use to avoid phagocytosis include ____

A

capsules

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8
Q

giardia is a(n) ___ that invades the ___.

A

flagellate; intestines

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9
Q

in general, fungi derive nutrients through

A

decomposing and digesting organic substances

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10
Q

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A

transmitted by the Tsetse fly

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11
Q

Leishmania

A

transmitted by blood-feeding sand flies

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12
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi

A

transmitted by kissing bug

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13
Q

E. coli

A

Mannose (a type of sugar) sensitive and resistant pili add in attachment, and therefore colonization

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14
Q

Shigella

A

more often diagnosed in the summer

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15
Q

Salmonella

A

typhoid

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16
Q

Vibrio

A

“rice-water stools”

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17
Q

Mycoplasma have ____, while Mycobacteria are ___

A

no cell wall; acid-fast

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18
Q

pregnant women are advised to avoid sliced deli meat and soft cheese. this is due to several outbreaks in multiple states of ___ which resulted in deaths and miscarriages

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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19
Q

protozoa are characterized by the ability to form a ___ in order to protect itself in adverse conditions

A

cyst

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20
Q

select all of the following that are caused by spirochetes

A

syphilis

lyme disease

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21
Q

select of all of the following that are dermatophytes

A

trichophyton
microsporum
epidermophyton floccosum

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22
Q

the capsid is composed of protein subunits called

A

capsomers

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23
Q

the limitations in cell and tissue type of a particular host species is know as what

A

tropism

24
Q

the nucleic acid of a virus is

A

either dna or rna

25
Q

viruses are not included in the tree of life because they are ___

A

acellular

26
Q

viruses containing +ssRNA are called

A

retroviruses

27
Q

viruses that persist in the cell and cause recurrent disease are considered

A

latent

28
Q

what is the definition of the eclipse phase

A

when the virion enters the host cell

29
Q

where do aspergillus infections usually occur

A

lungs

30
Q

which of the following fungi is most likely to be found within reticuloendothelial cells?

A

histoplasma

31
Q

which of the following regarding Candida albicans is incorrect

A

Candida albicans is transmitted primarily by respiratory aerosol

32
Q

you find a bacteria that is gram positive, forms endospores, and grows in the presence of oxygen. the best classification for this bacteria would be a member of the genus ____

A

Bacillus

33
Q

____ different genera of microorganisms live on healthy human skin

A

205

34
Q

amebic dysentary is caused by

A

Entamoeba histolytica

35
Q

which of the following is not a property of a virus

A

an infectious cellular pathogen

36
Q

the protein subunits that surround the nucleic acid of a virus are known as which of the following

A

capsomeres

37
Q

the Baltimore Classification system describes viruses according to which characteristic

A

the viral genome

38
Q

which of the following properly lists in order the steps of viral replication

A

attachment - penetration - biosynthesis - maturation - lysis

39
Q

which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer relies on the use of viruses

A

transduction

40
Q

which of the following cannot be classified as either gram positive or gram negative on the basis of the gram staining protocol

A

mycoplasma

41
Q

Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, in an example of which group of organisms

A

spirochetes

42
Q

clostridium

A

gram-positive rods

43
Q

enterococcus

A

pairs of cocci

44
Q

mycoplasma

A

relatively small, pleomorphic

45
Q

streptococcus

A

chains of cocci

46
Q

protozoa are best described as being

A

photosynthetic, unicellular microorganisms

47
Q

which organism is best known as the “brain-eating amoeba?”

A

Naegleria fowleri

48
Q

african sleeping sickness is caused by which pathogens

A

Trypanosoma bruceii

49
Q

the cell walls of fungi are largely composed of which of the following

A

chitin

50
Q

which of the following includes fungi used as foods (such as truffles), bread molds, and pathogenic fungi such as Trichophyton

A

Ascomycota

51
Q

Which fungus is common in the microbiome of a healthly individual

A

Aspergillus

52
Q

Which of the following is an enzyme found in retroviruses

A

reverse transcriptase

53
Q

which of the following viruses does not cause latent infection

A

adenovirus

54
Q

chicken pox can reemerge as which disease

A

shingles

55
Q

an acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and capability of replicating its genome is known as which of the following

A

viroid

Introduction to Microbiology (7 decks)

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