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Introduction to Microbiology > Exam 1 MC > Flashcards

Exam 1 MC Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a chain of cocci shaped bacteria is best described as

A

streptococcus

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2
Q

a method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups based on cell wall

A

gram stain

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3
Q

A newly discovered bacteria is isolated from a mixed sample. A researcher uses a Gram-stain to begin the classification process and the results are positive. What can the researcher conclude about the bacteria?

A

The cell wall is composed of thick layers of peptidoglycan

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4
Q

A polymer of glycan and peptides found in bacterial cell walls.

A

peptidoglycan

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5
Q

A primary function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells

A

to contain the cells hereditary material

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6
Q

A prominent difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the

A

presence of a nucleus in eukaryotes

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7
Q

An autotrophic bacteria contains carboxysomes that provide them with the means to undergo carbon dioxide fixation. The general function of these carboxysomes is to

A

provide RuBisCo which functions in the Calvin cycle

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8
Q

An organism in a partnership with another such that each profits from their being together.

A

symbiote

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9
Q

Endospore formation is considered to be a survival advantage for prokaryotes capable of production. However, why can endospore formation be considered a disadvantage in regards to human disease?

A

The resistance to harsh conditions makes it difficult to destroy if they are pathogenic.

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10
Q

Gram-negative bacteria are characterized by the presence of a gram-negative envelope. Which of the following are components of this envelope?

A

The plasma membrane and the outer membrane, peptidoglycan layer and periplasm.

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11
Q

Gram-negative bacteria have _____ in their lipid bilayer, but this component is not found in the lipid bilayer of Gram-positive bacteria.

A

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

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12
Q

Gram-positive bacteria are characterized by the presence of:

A

thick layer of peptidoglycan

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13
Q

In general, the term ________________ is used to describe disease causing agents.

A

pathogen

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14
Q

In mitochondria, the process of using oxygen and producing carbon dioxide as a waste product is due to what cellular reaction?

A

cellular respiration

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15
Q

In which environmental conditions do microbes survive?

A

all of these

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16
Q

Microbiology is a relatively recent scientific endeavor; what instrument was critical for the first studies of microbes

A

microscope

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17
Q

Select all of the following microorganisms that would contain a nucleus:

A

algae, fungi, protozoa, helminths

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18
Q

Spontaneous generation was a theory defined by

A

Aristotle

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19
Q

The field of science that studies fungi is called

A

Mycology

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20
Q

The genetic alteration of bacteria to make an enzyme that treats a human disease is an example of which type of applied microbiology

A

microbial biotechnology

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21
Q

The interconnectedness of plants, animals, and microbes with each other and their environment.

A

ecosystem

22
Q

The major component of the bacterial cell, which is responsible for a positive gram stain, is _____.

A

peptidoglycan

23
Q

The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria contains _______ which can contribute to symptoms such as fever, hemorrhaging, and septic shock.

A

lipopolysaccharide

24
Q

The study of organisms that require the use of a microscope is called

A

microbiology

25
Q

Vaccination is an example _____.

A

active immunization

26
Q

what are the tenets of the cell theory

A

1) all cells only come from other cells
2) cells are the fundamental units of organisms
3) all life is composed of cells

27
Q

what dye in the gram stain do gram negative bacteria refrain

A

safranin

28
Q

what is an important difference between plant cells and animal cells

A

plants are able to make their own food through the use of chloroplasts, which enable photosynthesis

29
Q

what is the difference in the functioning between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

the rough ER makes proteins while the smooth ER makes lipids and carbohydrates

30
Q

what makes an organism a prokaryote

A

prokaryotes lack membrane bound organelles

31
Q

what property of Archaea differentiates it from bacteria

A

the lack of peptidoglycan

32
Q

what type of dormant cell structure is produced by some bacteria when, “life gets tough”

A

endospore

33
Q

which eukaryotic organelle is responsible for the manufacture and modification of proteins

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

34
Q

which of the following are correctly paired with its description?

A

archaea: cell walls are composed of surface-layer proteins

35
Q

which of the following best describes Archaea cell walls

A

assembled from S-layers

36
Q

which of the following describes an advantage to prokaryotes capable of endospore formation

A
  • triggers dna replication to allow release of a mature endospore once the vegetative cell is degraded
  • provides resistance to harsh conditions such as ultraviolet radiation and chemical disinfectants
  • promotes survival in conditions that are devoid of nutrients
37
Q

which of the following describes for magnetosomes

A
  • act as a magnet to orient bacteria
  • contains 15-20 magnetite crystals
  • are cuboidal, rectangular, tooth, bullet, or arrowhead shaped
38
Q

which of the following does NOT apply to microorganisms

A

ALL microorganisms are unicellular organisms

39
Q

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotes

A

endoplasmic reticulum

40
Q

which of the following is a bacterial structure of motility

A

flagellum

41
Q

which of the following is a function of plasma membranes

A

regulating transportation of materials in and out of a cell

42
Q

which of the following is noncellular

A

viruses

43
Q

which of the following is the correct way to write an organism’s name using the binomial naming system

A

Escherichia coli

44
Q

which of these is not a eukaryote

A

bacteria

45
Q

which of these organelles make up the endomembrane system of a cell

A

rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

46
Q

which was the first bacterium shown to cause human disease

A

anthrax

47
Q

who is generally credited with describing the first micoorganisms

A

Antonie van Leewenhoek

48
Q

you build a time machine, you decide you want to see what the earth looked like before life arose, what vital item would you need to see to survive

A

oxygen

49
Q

____ performed an experiment with maggots and was one of the first to refute spontaneous generation

A

Francesco Redi

50
Q

__________ is considered the “father of Western medicine”

A

Hippocrates

Introduction to Microbiology (7 decks)

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