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Infectious Disease > EXAM #2: MAJOR VIRAL PATHOGENS > Flashcards

EXAM #2: MAJOR VIRAL PATHOGENS Flashcards

1
Q

Where do all Herpes viruses replicate?

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

Where do Herpes viruses remain latent?

A

Ganglion

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3
Q

How is Herpes transmitted?

A
  • Direct contact with active lesions
  • Asymptomatic shedding/secretion

*Can contract Herpes from asymptomatic partner

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4
Q

What is the tropism for HSV-1 and HSV-2?

A 
HSV-1= oral mucosa 
HSV-2= genitals
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5
Q

In classic HSV-1 infection, which is usually more severe, primary infection or reactivation?

A

Primary infection

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6
Q

What are the complicated HSV-1 oral infections?

A

1) Gingivostomatitis
2) Eczema herpeticum
3) Erythema multiforme

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7
Q

What type of genital lesion is associated with HSV-2?

A

Painful vesicular lesions

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8
Q

What is HSV proctitis? What patient population is this most common in?

A

HSV leading to inflammation of the prostate; more common in HIV patients

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9
Q

What is wrestler’s herpes called?

A

Herpes Gladiatorum

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10
Q

What do you need to remember about HSV eye infections?

A

Can damage the retina i.e. it is an emergency

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11
Q

What radiologic sign is associated with HSV encephalitis?

A

Temporal lobe enhancement

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12
Q

What do you need to do if you have a patient with suspected HSV encephalitis b/c of temporal lobe enhancement?

A

Antvirals

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13
Q

What is Mollaret Syndrome?

A

Recurrent meningitis associated with HSV

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14
Q

How are HSV infections diagnosed?

A

1) Clinical
2) Tzanck smear (multi-nucleated giant cells)
3) Culture/PCR

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15
Q

What causes resistance to acyclovir?

A

Lack of thymidine kinase

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16
Q

What is the major adverse effect associated with acyclovir?

A

Crystal-induced renal failure

17
Q

What does VZV cause in primary infection? What about reactivation?

A 
Primary= chicken pox 
Reactivation= herpes zoster i.e. shingles
18
Q

What is the characteristic rash seen with Chickenpox?

A

Different stages of vesicles

19
Q

How is VZV transmitted?

A

1) Aerosolized droplets

2) Direct contact with vesicle fluid

20
Q

How do you know when VZV is no longer contagious?

A

All vesicles are crusted

21
Q

What is the most common visceral complication of VZV?

A

Varicella pneumonia

*Associated with smoking, pregnancy, and immunosupression

22
Q

What antiviral is used for treatment of VZV?

A

Acyclovir

*Vaccine prior

23
Q

What is treatment of Herpes Zoster aimed at treating/ preventing?

A

Acute neuritis and post-herpetic neuralgia

24
Q

What is the treatment for Herpes Zoster? When should treatment be started?

A
  • Ideally, start within 72 hours

- Acyclovir

25
Q

How does EBV differ from the other Herpes viruses?

A

Does not have a cytopathic effect; rather, transforms in cells

26
Q

Where is EBV latent in the body?

A

B and T-cells

27
Q

How does EBV infection in kids and adolescents differ?

A 
Adolescents= infectious mono 
Kids= typically subclinical
28
Q

What can cause a rash in EBV infection?

A

Ampicillin

29
Q

What is the normal treatment for EBV infection?

A

Supportive care/ no contact sports

30
Q

What lymphporliferative disorder highly associated with EBV?

A

HLH

31
Q

How is EBV diagnosed?

A

1) Heterophile antibody (monospot)

2) Antibodies VCA IgG/IgM

32
Q

Where does CMV remain latency?

A

Multiple cell types/organ tissues

33
Q

What is the histologic appearance of CMV?

A

Large cells with internucelar “owl eye” inculsions

34
Q

What does CMV cause?

A

CMV mononucleosis (esp. in sexually active young adults)

35
Q

How is CMV treated?

A

Ganciclovir

36
Q

What are the consequences of congenital CMV?

A

1) Developmental delay
2) Hearing impairment
3) Ocular abnormalities

37
Q

How is CMV diagnosed?

A

PCR

Infectious Disease (21 decks)

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