Exam 2: Inhibitor Of Cell Wall Synthesis 2 Flashcards
What type of drug are cephalosporins and what is their mechanism?
They are B-lactams and they inhibit cell wall synthesis
What is the mechanism of action for monobactams?
Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
What type of drug is Azetreonam?
Monobactam
What type of drugs are imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem?
Carbapenems
What are the two first generation cephalosporins and how are they administered?
Cefazolin (ancef)- IM or IV
Cephalexin (Keflex)- Oral
What are the three second generation cephalosporins and how are they administered?
Cefaclor (ceclor) -Oral
Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IM or IV
Cefprozil (cefzil) - Oral
What are the four third generation cephalosporins and how are they administered?
Ceftriaxone (rocephin)- IM or IV
Cefixime (Suprax) - Oral
Cefotaxime sodium (claforan) -IM or IV
Ceftazidime (Fortaz) -IM or IV
What is the fourth generation Cephalosporin and how is it administered?
Cefepime (maxipime) - IV
What is the fifth generation cephalosporin and how is it administered?
Ceftaroline (Teflaro)-IV
What is the advantage that cephalosporins have over penicillins?
They have 7 methyl groups with increases their resistance to B-lactamases
What is the DOC for surgical prophylaxis?
Cefazolin (first generation cephalosporin)
What are first generation cephalosporins effective against?
They have good activity against G+ bacteria and relatively moderate activity against G- organisms
How are first generation cephalosporins eliminated?
Renal excretion
Are E. Coli, klebsiella, and proteus G- or G+?
G-
What are second generation cephalosporins effective against?
When compared to first generation cephalosporins, the have lower activity against G+, but increased activity against G-.
What are the two generations of cephalosporins that are broad spectrum?
third and fourth generation
How are second generation cephalosporins eliminated?
Renal excretion
What cephalosporins have good CNS penetration and what generation are they in?
Ceftriaxone (rocephin) and cefotaxime sodium (Clarforan)
Third generation cephalosporins
What is the DOC used to treat Neisseria Gonorrhoeae?
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
What are the third generation cephalosporins effective against?
They are less active against G+, but much more active against Enterobacteriaceae (penicillinase producing strains)
What is the contraindication for third generation cephalosporins and why?
-Neonates
Ceftriaxone and bilirubin are very highly protein bound. Ceftriaxone can displace bilirubin and cause jaundice
What cephalosporin is used to treat pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Ceftazidime combined with aminoglycosides.
Both however are renal toxic, so this is not the first choice.