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Infectious Disease > Exam 2 - Immunocompromised, Rashes, Congenital > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Immunocompromised, Rashes, Congenital Flashcards

1
Q

intrauterine infections aka

A

congenital infections

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2
Q

transplacental infections cause infections in what timeframe

A

congenital, perinatal

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3
Q

infections transmitted by breastfeeding cause infections in what timeframe

A

perinatal, postnatal

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4
Q

what is vertical transmission

A

mother to baby

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5
Q

clinical manifestations of intrauterine transmission

A

low birthweight, malformations, rash, jaundice, anemia, low platelets, hepatosplenomegaly

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6
Q

congenital rubella ssx

A

sensorineural deafness, cataracts, congenital heart disease

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7
Q

congenital toxoplasmosis ssx

A

hydrocephalus, diffuse intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis

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8
Q

congenital CMV ssx

A

microcephaly, ventricular calcifications

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9
Q

congenital parvovirus B19 ssx

A

diffuse edema (in utero hydrops fetalis)

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10
Q

congenital varicella zoster ssx

A

limb abnormalities, cicatricial lesions

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11
Q

congenital syphilis ssx

A

skin lesions, including palms and soles, dactylitis, osteochondritis, periostitis, rhinorrhea

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12
Q

mechanisms of perinatal infection

A

transplacental, ascending, maternal-fetal transfusion, inoculation, breastfeeding

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13
Q

clinical manifestations of perinatal infections

A

normal weight, no malformations, sepsis, hepatitis, coagulopathy, focal infection, may be asymptomatic

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14
Q

most frequent cause of perinatal conjunctivitis

A

chlamydia

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15
Q

causes of perinatal sepsis

A

group B strep, e coli, listeria, disseminated HSV, enterovirus

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16
Q

asymptomatic perinatal infections

A

hep B/C, HIV, HPV

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17
Q

causes of postnatal infections

A

HIV, CMV, Hep B

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18
Q

what infections can be congenital, perinatal, or postnatal

A

HIV, CMV

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19
Q

5 classic viral xanthems of childhood

A

measles, rubella, roseola, coxsackievirus, parvovirus-19

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20
Q

Rubella aka

A

german measles

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21
Q

roseola pathogen

A

HHV 6/7

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22
Q

parvovirus B19 aka

A

fifth disease, erythema infectiosum

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23
Q

measles prodrome

A

fever, cough/coryza/conjunctivitis, koplik spots

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24
Q

measles rash

A

nonpruritic, starts on face and spreads down

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25
measles complications
secondary bacterial infection, encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
26
rubella prodrome
nonspecific, low grade fever, may be asymptomatic
27
rubella rash
starts on face and moves down, not as red as measles
28
rubella complication
congenital rubella causes hearing loss, mental retardation, cardiovascular and ocular defects
29
Roseola prodrome
upper respiratory ssx, high fever for 5-7 days
30
roseola usual population
< 2 y/o
31
when does rash start in roseola
when fever breaks
32
roseola rash`
spreads from neck/trunk to face and extremities
33
roseola complications
febrile seizures
34
coxsackievirus prodrome
fever, sore throat, malaise
35
coxsackie virus rash
painful sores on mouth, hands, feet that make break and ulcerate
36
coxsackievirus complications
nail loss, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis
37
fifth disease prodrome
flu-like, 3 days
38
fifth disease rash
slapped cheek with erythematous macular or papular lesions, lacy rash on trunk/extremities
39
fifth disease complications
arthralgias, aplastic crisis, fetal hydrops
40
scarlet fever pathogen
group A strep
41
scarlet fever prodrome
sore throat, high fever, HA, N/V, strawberry tongue
42
scarlet fever rash location
begins in neck, underarms, groin and then spreads
43
scarlet fever rash appearance
red rash with sandpaper feel, pastia's lines, skin may desquamate
44
scarlet fever complications
rheumatic fever, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
45
molluscum contagiosum prodrome
none
46
molluscum contagiosum rash
2-5 mm painless, flesh colored, pearly papules with central umbilication
47
when does molluscum contagiosum resolve
6 months-4years
48
molluscum contagiosum complications
scarring, bacterial superinfection
49
HSV prodrome, 1st infection
fever, myalgias, HA, lymphadenopathy
50
HSV prodrome, recurrent infection
tingling or pain in skin
51
HSV rash
vesicles that open to painful ulcers that heal over 2-4 weeks
52
HSV complications
aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, blindness, disseminated infection if immunocompromised
53
shingles prodrome
pain, itching, tingling of dermatome with rare systemic ssx (fever, malaise, HA)
54
shingles rash
blisters to crusts in varying stages along a unilateral dermatome
55
shingles complications
postherpetic neuralgia, ocular involvement (5th cranial nerve), bacterial superinfection, disseminated zoster
56
chicken pox prodrome
mild fever/malaise 1-2 days before rash
57
chick pox rash location
starts on head/chest/back and then generalizes
58
chicken pox rash appearance
macules to papules to vesicles to crusts, will see lesions in different stages
59
chicken pox complications
secondary bacterial infections, pneumonia (adults), encephalitis, cerebellar ataxia
60
PCN skin rash timing
hours to days after exposure to PCN
61
PCN skin rash appearance
macular, papular, or hives with possible associated itching, swelling, wheezing, anaphylaxis
62
classic example of innate immune deficiency
neutropenia
63
infectious etiologies in neutropenia
recurrent pyogenic infections, skin infections, abscesses, bone/joint infections
64
neutropenia mechanism of infection
decreased chemotaxis and phagocytic capacity, defective intracellular killing
65
common pathogens in neutropenia
staph, strep, e coli, aspergillus
66
examples of humoral immune deficiency
x-linked agammaglobulinemia, multiple myeloma
67
humoral immune deficiency mechanism
fail to make antibodies to a new antigen
68
infectious etiologies in humoral immune deficiency
encapsulated organisms, chronic diarrhea, aseptic meningitis
69
pathogens in humoral immune deficiency
strep pneumonia, h influenzae, giardia, enteroviruses, campylobacter
70
causes of cell mediated immune deficiency
immunosuppressives (prednisone etc), CD4 deficiency/AIDS, DiGeorge syndrome
71
infectious etiologies seen with cell mediated immune deficiency
intracellular organisms, viruses, opportunistic infections
72
asplenia predisposes to what type of infection
encapsulated organisms
73
definition of neutropenia
absolute neutrophil count below 1500
74
mild neutropenia
between 1000 and 1500
75
moderate neutropenia
between 500 and 1000
76
severe neutropenia
less than 500
77
causes of neutropenia
chemotherapy, transplant patients, abx, congenital, hematologic malignancy, viruses, lupus
78
most common cause of neutropenic fever
bacterial infection
79
what is associated with more severe neutropenic fever
gram negative bacterial (pseudomonas)
80
what gram positive bacteria is associated with neutropenic fever
staph epidermidis
81
fungal causes of neutropenic fever
candida, aspergillus
82
empiric treatment for neutropenic fever
piperacillin/tazobactam +/- vancomycin
83
when to add vancomycin in empiric tx for neutropenic fever
hemodynamic instability, pneumonia, central line infection, skin infection, history of MRSA
84
when to provide prophylaxis for neutropenic patient
if ANC is less than 500 for more than 7 days
85
what prophylaxis to provide for neutropenic patient
cipro, fluconazole, acyclovir, bactrim
86
what to do prior to inducing neutropenia
screen for TB, hep B/C. Do not provide live vaccines 4 weeks prior to treatment
87
what is acute retroviral syndrome
flu-like symptoms occurring 2-4 weeks after HIV infection, highly infectious
88
clues of HIV infection
weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, recurrent candida infections, frequent pulmonary infections
89
non-infectious substances in HIV
urine, saliva, sweat, tears, nasal secretions, sputum, vomitus, stool
90
HI screening guidelines
test all 15-65 y/o and others outside that range if high-risk, all pregnant women
91
4th generation HIV testing advantages
uses monoclonal antibodies, detect between 12-26 days from exposure, allows detection prior to seroconversion
92
HIV treatment current guidelines
2 NRTI plus integrase inhibitor
93
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis consists of
daily 2-drug regimen given before exposure
94
HIV post-exposure prophylaxis consists of
28 day course of daily 3-drug regimen within 72 hours of exposure
95
pneumocystis ssx
subacute, progressive dyspnea, dry cough, pleuritic chest pain, ground glass opacities on CXR
96
when to initiate pneumocystis prophylaxis
CD4<200
97
toxoplasma reactivation ssx
focal encephalitis with ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT
98
when to initiate toxoplasma prophylaxis and with what
CD4<100 and toxo IgG reactive, bactrim
99
MAC ssx
disseminated multi-organ infection
100
when to initiate MAC prophylaxis and with what
CD4<50, azithromycin

Infectious Disease (5 decks)

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