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Drug Info > Exam 2 Hypertension > Flashcards

Exam 2 Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

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2
Q

systolic blood pressure

A

BP when the heart contracts; the top #

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3
Q

diastolic blood pressure

A

BP when the heart is resting

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4
Q

hypertension levels

A

systolic: 130+
diastolic: 80+

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5
Q

diuretics MOA

A

-increases urine flow
-lowers blood pressure by reducing the fluid inside blood vessels
-increase Na+ excretion–> hyponatremia

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6
Q

hyponatremia

A

low sodium in the blood

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7
Q

high sodium levels

A

hypernatremia

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8
Q

diuretics indications

A

hypertension and edema

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9
Q

edema

A

excess accumulation of fluid in the body

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10
Q

micturition

A

urination

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11
Q

warnings for diuretics

A

most diuretics contain sulfa moiety, which should be watched in patients with sulfa allergies

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12
Q

thiazide diuretics

A

potassium depleting diuretics that excrete potassium, sodium, and water

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13
Q

examples of thiazide diuretics

A

hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, chlorthalidone, metolazone

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14
Q

which is the most preferred thiazide diuretic?

A

chlorthalidone

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15
Q

important patient-counseling for thiazide diuretics

A

can cause photosensitivity

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16
Q

hypokalemia levels

A

low levels of potassium in the blood that can cause weakness and leg cramps

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17
Q

loop diuretics

A

potassium depleting diuretics that can cause hypokalemia

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18
Q

examples of loop diuretics

A

furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide

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19
Q

furosemide

A

Lasix

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20
Q

bumetanide

A

Bumex

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21
Q

warnings for loop diuretics

A

electrolyte depletion and dehydration if given in excessive amounts

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22
Q

when should loop diuretics be taken?

A

in the morning

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23
Q

potassium sparing diuretics MOA

A

-does not excrete potassium in urine
-increase K+ level

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24
Q

examples of potassium sparing diuretics

A

spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene

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25
Q

which potassium diuretic is added to hydrochlorothiazide?

A

triamterene

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26
Q

Maxzide

A

triamterene and hctz

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27
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular heart beat due to hyperkalemia

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28
Q

warnings for spironolactone

A

can cause gynecomastia (male breast injury)

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29
Q

potassium sparing diuretics do not contain

A

sulfa moiety

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30
Q

Antihypertensives MOA

A

reduces blood pressure

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31
Q

Antihypertensive classes

A

-ACE inhibitors
-ARBs
-Calcium Channel Blockers
-Beta Blockers

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32
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

antihypertensive class that ends in -pril

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33
Q

ACE inhibitors examples

A

trandolapril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril, benazepril, captopril

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34
Q

Altace

A

ramipril

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35
Q

Lotensin

A

benazepril

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36
Q

Lotensin HCT

A

benazepril and hydrochlorothiazide diuretic

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37
Q

Lisinopril/hctz

A

lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide diuretic

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38
Q

Vaseretic

A

enalapril and hctz

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39
Q

Lotrel

A

benazepril and amlodipine

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40
Q

MOA of ACE inhibitors

A

RAAS cleaves to angiotensinogen to for ang I and ACE coverts ang II

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41
Q

ang II _______ BP

A

increases

42
Q

when less ang II is formed, less vasocontriction

A

BP will fall

43
Q

indications for ACE inhibitors

A

HTN, heart failure, heart attack

44
Q

BBW for ACE inhibitors

A

should discontinue as soon as possible when pregnancy is detected

45
Q

Contraindications for ACE inhibitors

A

use with ARBs if you have angioedema

46
Q

angioedema

A

swelling in deep layers of skin due to allergic reasons

47
Q

Counseling for ACE inhibitors

A

dry cough, angioedema, protects the kidney

48
Q

captopril decreases

A

food absorption

49
Q

ARBs

A

-antihypertensive drug class with drugs ending in -sartan

50
Q

MOA of ARBs

A

block the ang II receptor and decreases blood pressure

51
Q

Indications for ARBs

A

hypertension and cardiovascular diseases

52
Q

BBW for ARBs

A

discontinue if pregnant; can cause injury and death to fetus

53
Q

Contraindications of ARBs

A

use with ACE inhibitors if you have angioedema

54
Q

Micardis

A

telmisartan

55
Q

olmesartan

A

Benicar

56
Q

losartan

A

Cozaar

57
Q

Diovan

A

valsartan

58
Q

Atacand

A

candesartan

59
Q

Exforge

A

valsartan and amoldipine

60
Q

Micardis HCT

A

telmisartan and hctz

61
Q

Exforge HCT

A

valsartan, amodipine, and hctz

62
Q

Azor

A

olmesartan and amlodipine

63
Q

calcium channel blockers

A

antihypertensive group that prevents calcium from going into the channel; vasodilation

64
Q

indication of calcium channel blockers

A

hypertension and angina

65
Q

angina

A

chest pain caused by reduced blood flow

66
Q

Counseling for calcium channel blockers

A

may cause swelling of the ankles

67
Q

3 types of calcium channel blockers

A

phenylalkylamines, benzothiapines, dihydropyridines

68
Q

phenylalkamines examples

A

verapamil

69
Q

benzothiapines

A

diltiazem

70
Q

dihydropyridines

A

amlodipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine

71
Q

diltiazem

A

Cardizem

72
Q

Norvasc

A

amlodipine

73
Q

Procardia XL

A

nifedipine

74
Q

Sular

A

nisoldipine

75
Q

Lotrel

A

amlodipine, benazepril,

76
Q

Caudet

A

amlodipine and atorvasatin

77
Q

indication for Caudet

A

hypertension and hyperlipidemia

78
Q

Beta Blockers

A

antihypertensive drugs that end -olol

79
Q

Beta blockers MOA

A

slows heart rate and causes vasodilation

80
Q

Indications for Beta Blockers

A

hypertension, tachycardia, heart failure, MI

81
Q

BBW for Beta Blockers

A

don’t discontinue abruptly (can lead to increased HTN)

82
Q

Contraindications for Beta Blockers

A

can lead to brachycardia

83
Q

Counseling for Beta Blockers

A

fatigue, dizziness, amd brachycardia

84
Q

Misc. antihypertensives

A

clonidine and hydralazine

85
Q

MOA for clonidine

A

vasodilator

86
Q

how is clonidine administered?

A

oral tablet- BID
transdermal patch- once a week in 0.1 mg, 0.2 mg, or 0.3 mg/24 hours

87
Q

how is hydralazine administered?

A

oral tablet- QID

88
Q

atenolol

A

Tenormin

89
Q

nadolol

A

Corgard

90
Q

nebivolol

A

Bystolic

91
Q

bisoprolol

A

no brand name

92
Q

metoprolol succinate

A

Toprol XL

93
Q

how many times is metoprolol succinate administered?

A

once a day

94
Q

Lopressor

A

metoprolol tartrate

95
Q

how many times is metoprolol tartrate administered?

A

twice a day

96
Q

propranolol

A

Inderal LA

97
Q

carvediol

A

Coreg dosed BID with IR tablet and SID with capsule

98
Q

Ziac

A

bisoprolol and htcz (K+ depleting)

99
Q

Tenoretic

A

atenolol and chlorthalidione

100
Q

T/F: ACE inhibitors and ARBs can be taken together

A

False: ARBs is alternative of ACE

Drug Info (3 decks)

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