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Drug Info > Exam 2 Diabetes > Flashcards

Exam 2 Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

diabetes

A

hyperglycemia caused by lack of insulin and/or insulin resistance

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2
Q

T1DM

A

type 1 diabetes

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3
Q

T2DM

A

type 2 diabetes; sugar diabetes

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4
Q

hyperglycemia

A

excessive glucose in the body

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5
Q

insulin

A

hormone essential for glucose in the body

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6
Q

hemoglobin a1c

A

percentage of hemoglobin with glucose

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7
Q

therapeutic category

A

broad classification of drugs based on the diseases they treat

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8
Q

drug class

A

group of medications that work similarly, have similar chemical makeup, and treat similar conditions

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9
Q

dosing interval

A

time between doses

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10
Q

indications

A

conditions that the drugs treat

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11
Q

normal glucose levels

A

-<100 on fasting blood glucose
-<140 glucose tolerance test
-<5.7%

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12
Q

prediabetes glucose levels

A

-100-125 fasting blood glucose
-140-199 glucose tolerance test
-5.7%-6.4% a1c test

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13
Q

diabetes glucose levels

A

-126+ fasting blood glucose levels
-200+ glucose tolerance test
-6.5% a1c

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14
Q

T2DM prevention

A

prediabetes

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15
Q

oral antidiabetic class that metformin is in

A

biguanides

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16
Q

which drug is the first-line drug for T2DM?

A

metformin

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17
Q

BBW for metformin

A

may cause lactic acidosis

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18
Q

the MOA for biguanides

A

increases tissue sensitivity to insulin and reduces insulin resistance

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19
Q

Patient counseling for metformin

A

may cause GI tract issues, vitamin B12, can induce ovulation

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20
Q

Dosing information for metformin

A

500-2000mg/day in divided doses

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21
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

end in -ide

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22
Q

Glucotrol XL

A

long acting glipizide

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23
Q

Examples of Sulfonylureas

A

glipizide, glimepiride, glyburide

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24
Q

MOA of Sulfonylureas

A

stimulates insulin secretion

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25
Q

Dosing info of Sulfonylureas

A

30 mins before breakfast or twice a day

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26
Q

Patient counseling of Sulfonylureas

A

can cause hypoglycemia, Beer’s list in elderly, and weight gain

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27
Q

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

A

oral antidiabetic drug class that ends in -zone

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28
Q

pioglitazone

A

Actos

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29
Q

rosiglitazone

A

Avandia

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30
Q

Which TZD is most commonly administered

A

glitazone (Actos)

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31
Q

MOA of TZDs

A

increase tissue sensitivity and depends on insulin for activity

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32
Q

Indication of TZDs

A

T2DM

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33
Q

Other uses of TZDs

A

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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34
Q

BBW for TZDs

A

may cause exacerbate heart failure

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35
Q

Contraindication for TZDs

A

should not start medications if the patient has heart failure

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36
Q

Patient Counseling for TZDs

A

Beer’s list, increased bone risk, can stimulate ovulation, take without meals

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37
Q

DPP-4 inhibitors

A

oral antidiabetic class that ends with -liptin

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38
Q

sitagliptin

A

Januvia

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39
Q

sitagliptin and metformin

A

Janumet

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40
Q

linagliptin

A

Tradjenta

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41
Q

linagliptin and metformin

A

Jentadueto

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42
Q

Nesina

A

alogliptin

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43
Q

saxagliptin

A

Onglyza

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44
Q

MOA of DPP-4

A

inhibits enzyme DPP-4, which stimulates insulin release

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45
Q

Dosing Info for DPP-4

A

once daily without regard to meals

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46
Q

Patient Counseling for DPP-4

A

may cause hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, joint pain, headache

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47
Q

T/F: all drugs that include metformin must come with a BBW

A

True

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48
Q

T/F: DPP-4 inhibitors can be used with GLP-1 inhibitors

A

False

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49
Q

T/F: DPP-4 inhibitors comes with a risk of pancreatitis and renal impairment

A

True

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50
Q

SLGT2-inhibitors

A

oral antidiabetic class that ends in -flozin

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51
Q

canagliflozin

A

Invokana

52
Q

canagliflozin and metformin

A

Invokamet

53
Q

Jardiance

A

empagliflozin

54
Q

bexagliflozin

A

Brenzavvy

55
Q

dapagliflozin

A

Farxiga

56
Q

dapagliflozin and metformin

A

Xigduo

57
Q

Steglatro

A

ertugliflozin

58
Q

MOA of SLGT-2

A

blocks glucose and sodium reabsorption, and increases the glucose excreted in the urine

59
Q

Other indications of SLGT-2

A

Chronic Kidney Disease and heart failure, fatty liver disease, T1DM

60
Q

Dosing info of SLGT-2

A

dosed once daily and should be renally dosed

61
Q

Contraindications of SLGT-2

A

end-stage renal impairment or dialysis, and pregnancy

62
Q

Counseling for SLGT-2 inhibitors

A

may cause yeast infections, UTIs, vloume depletion

63
Q

the two SLGT-2 inhibitor drugs that increase the risk of lower limb amputation

A

canagflozin and bexagliflozin

64
Q

Warning for SLGT-2 inhibitors

A

dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis

65
Q

SLGT-2 with strongest cardiovascular benefit

A
  1. Jardiance
  2. Invokana
  3. Farxiga
66
Q

GLP-1 (injectable)

A

antidiabetic class that ends in -tide

67
Q

semaglutide

A

Ozempic

68
Q

tablet form of semaglutide

A

Rybelsus

69
Q

high dose of semaglutide indicated for weight loss

A

Wegovy

70
Q

How many times should Ozempic be taken?

A

once a week

71
Q

dulaglutide

A

Trulicity

72
Q

exenatide

A

Byetta

73
Q

Victoza

A

liraglutide

74
Q

liraglutide can also be available as

A

Saxenda

75
Q

How many times should Trulicity be taken?

A

once a week

76
Q

How many times should Victoza be taken?

A

once a day

77
Q

Doses of liraglutide increase weekly by _____mg

A

0.6mg

78
Q

Adlyxin

A

lixisenatide

79
Q

Xultophy

A

liraglutide and insulin degludec

80
Q

Soliqua

A

lixisenatide and insulin glargine

81
Q

MOA for GLP-1

A

lowers glucagon secretion and stimulates insulin secretion

82
Q

Other indications for GLP-1

A

Obesity

83
Q

Which GLP-1 agonist drugs should be taken for obesity?

A

Wegovy and Saxenda

84
Q

Dosing info Ozempic vs Wegovy

A

Ozempic: 2mg max
Wegovy: 2.4mg/week

85
Q

Dosing info Victoza vs Saxenda

A

Victoza: 1.8mg/day
Saxenda: 3mg/day

86
Q

Dosing Info for Trulicity

A

4.5mg

87
Q

T/F: GLP-1s can be available as a single or multi-use pen.

A

True

88
Q

BBW/contraindications of GLP-1s

A

risk of thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia

89
Q

Counseling for GLP-1

A

may cause GI issues, weight loss, cardiovascular benefits

90
Q

drugs that impact cardiovascular benefit of GLP-1s

A

dulaglutide, liraglutide, semaglutide injection

91
Q

Ozempic instructions

A

-start with 0.25mg for 4 weeks
-0.5 mg for 4 weeks after 0.25 mg
-1 mg for 4 weeks after 0.5 mg
-2 mg last

92
Q

Red pen of Ozempic

A

delivers 0.25 and 0.5 mg

93
Q

Blue pen of Ozempic

A

delivers 1 mg

94
Q

Yellow pen of Ozempic

A

delivers 2 mg

95
Q

T/F: If you miss a dose of Ozempic for more than 5 days, you should still take it

A

False

96
Q

T/F: if you miss a dose of Trulicity for more than 4 days, you should skip it

A

True

97
Q

GIP and GLP-1 agonist

A

tirzepatide

98
Q

Mounjaro

A

tirzepatide

99
Q

tirzepatide indicated for weight loss

A

Zepbound

100
Q

MOA of GIP and GLP-1

A

-slows gastric emptying
-decreases food intake
-increases glucose-dependent insulin
-decreases inappropriate glucagon secretion

101
Q

Dosing information for GIP and GLP-1

A

2.5 mg to 15 mg weekly

102
Q

BBW for GIP and GLP-1

A

risk of thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia

103
Q

Contraindications

A

history pancreatitis, thyroid c-cell tumor, etc

104
Q

Single-Use Pens

A

Trulicity and Mounjaro

105
Q

Multi-Use Pens

A

Victoza and Ozempic

106
Q

Types of insulin

A

regular, NPH, and mix

107
Q

types of insulin analogs

A

rapid, long-acting, ultra long-acting

108
Q

insulin analogs are

A

“man-made insulin”

109
Q

regular insulin

A

-can be subcutaneous or IV infusion
-should be injected about 30 mins before meal
-Humulin R and Novolin R

110
Q

NPH insulin

A

-Humulin N and Novolin N

111
Q

Insulin Mixes

A

-Humulin 70/30
-Novolin 70/30
-NovoLog 70/30

112
Q

how many times is NPH insulin administered?

A

twice a day

113
Q

insulin lispro

A

Amedlog and Humalog

114
Q

insulin aspart

A

Fiasp and Novolog

115
Q

insulin lispro-aabc

A

Lyumjev

116
Q

insulin glulisine

A

Apidra

117
Q

which insulins can be given as a pump?

A

Humalog 100, Lyumjev, Novolog, Apidra, and Admelog

118
Q

which insulins can be given through an IV?

A

Humalog 100, Fiasp, Apidra, Novolog, Admelog

119
Q

which insulins can be available cartridge?

A

Humalog, Novolog, and Fiasp

120
Q

what are the four long-acting insulins?

A

Basaglar, Lantus, Semglee, Toujeo

121
Q

insulin glargine

A

Basaglar, Lantus, and Toujeo

122
Q

insulin glargine-yfgn

A

Semglee

123
Q

which two long-acting insulins can only be available as pens?

A

Basaglar and Toujeo

124
Q

Toujeo dosing info

A

300 units

125
Q

which insulins are concentrated?

A

regular insulin, Toujeo, Tresiba

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