Exam 2 - HTN Flashcards
What BP is considered htn?
> 140/90
Why do we worry about HTN?
it can lead to stroke, HF, LVH
Which type of HTN has an unknown etiology, and is 2x greater in blacks?
essential (primary)
Which type of htn is from renal, endocrine, or congenital disease?
secondary
what factors can worsen htn?
fat
salty diet
cigs
nsaids
excess alcohol
what are the causes of htn?
genetics, enviro
inc SNS activity
inc RAA axis
high sodium
endocrine problem
does estrogen cause primary or secondary htn?
secondary
what can htn lead to in the heart?
chd, lvh, hf
what can htn lead to in the brain?
cerebrovascular disease
what else can htn lead to?
PAD
renal disease
which 3 things can cause kidney hypertension (a cause of 2ndary htn)?
renal artery stenosis
hyperplasia (FMH)
atherosclerosis
which comorbidity is associated with morbidity and mortality?
LVH
does LVH cause systolic or diastolic dysfunction?
diastolic
once you have LVH, can it regress?
YES with treatment
is cerebrovascular disease related to systolic or diastolic pressure?
systolic
what are the early symptoms of htn?
asx
morning headaches
what are late symptoms/findings of htn?
LVH causes SOB, DOE
Cerebral - TIA, stroke, hemorrhage
Heart - MI, angina, HF
What will you see in the retina on PE?
AV nicking
silver or copper wiring
hemorrhages or exudates
papilledema
What two lab levels are you especially looking for in htn?
creatinine, BUN
for renal function
What are treatment goals for someone over 60y?
bp < 150/90
Ideal goal is 140 systolic
What are treatment goals for someone under 60y
bp < 140/90
what are treatment goals for anyone over 18y with DM and CKD?
bp < 140/90
What is ideal treatment for HTN in a non-black?
thiazide diuretic
CCB
ACE-I/ARB
what is the ideal treatment for HTN in blacks?
thiazide diuretic
CCB
