Exam 1 - valvular disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what are symptoms of mitral stenosis

A

pulm htn + hemoptysis

afib* from dilated vessels

SOB at rest

flushed cheeks

R sided HF (late finding)

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2
Q

which murmur has a harsh midsystolic ejection crescendo-decrescendo murmur that increases with inspiration?

A

pulmonic stenosis

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3
Q

which murmur radiates to the carotids, where you feel a more sustained impulse?

A

aortic stenosis

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4
Q

3 common symptoms of aortic stenosis?

A

angina*

syncope

CHF

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5
Q

What may happen as a result of the gradient in aortic stenosis?

A

severe LVH - LV may fail

CO is fixed

02 needs increase

decreased coronary blood flow

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6
Q

what causes PS?

A

almost always congenital

seen in young pts

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7
Q

which murmur has a mid-diastolic rumble at the L 4th ICS that increases intensity with venous return, and an opening snap?

A

tricuspid stenosis

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8
Q

what can mvp potentially lead to?

A

stroke, endocarditis, PVCs

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9
Q

what type of a gradient is caused by aortic stenosis, and where?

A

systolic gradient between LV and aorta

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10
Q

what are the symptoms of mvp?

A

most are asx

atypical/fleeting chest pain, panic attacks, arrhythmias, fatigue, palpitations, dizziness

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11
Q

what is the MC cause of mitral stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

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12
Q

which murmur radiates to the neck?

A

PS

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13
Q

what is the patho of mitral stenosis

A

obstructed flow from LA to LV

leads to LAE, inc LA pressure, pulm HTN

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14
Q

when would you hear a systolic ejection click that increases with expiration?

A

HF

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15
Q

what is the tx for mitral stenosis?

A

rate control

valvotomy

*percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty

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16
Q

What causes aortic stenosis?

A

degeneration

congenital

17
Q

How do you treat aortic stenosis?

A

aortic valve replacement

fully anticoag forever

18
Q

which murmur has a prominent S1 closing snap, and an opening snap after S2

A

mitral stenosis

19
Q

what is the tx for mvp?

A

reassurance of a good prognosis

could use beta blockers

could do MV repair

20
Q

which murmur has a pulse of reduced intensity?

A

mitral stenosis

21
Q

Which murmur has a split S2 and an S4 sound?

A

aortic stenosis

22
Q

how do you diagnose murmurs other than PE?

A

ECG

Echo/Doppler

CXR for late findings

23
Q

what is the tx of PS?

A

balloon valvuloplasty

24
Q

Which murmur gives you a LV heave and a laterally deplaced apex?

A

aortic stenosis

25
what is the patho of pulmonic stenosis?
obstruction of blood flow from R ventricle to pulmonic valve
26
how do you tx TS?
medical: decrease RA overload with diuretics and decreased salt surgical: commisurotomy or TV replacement
27
What is the patho of aortic stenosis?
the aortic valve narrows this prevents the valve from opening fully, and thus obstructs blood going from the ventricle ---\> aorta ---\> body
28
what is the patho of tricuspid stenosis
blood backs up into the RA leads to RAE, leads to R sided failure
29
which murmur is assoc with young women and CT disease
mvp
30
what causes tricuspid stenosis?
carcinoid heart dz, rheumatic heart dz
31
what is the patho of mvp?
mitral valves are floppy they buckle and are leaky
32
which murmur is assoc with a thin pt with narrow AP diameter, and hypotension?
mvp
33
which murmur has a **midsystolic ejection click** at the apex and a longer duration?
mvp
34
which murmur has a systolic ejection click with a **crescendo-decrescendo** Grade 2-4 is harsh, low-pitched
aortic stenosis