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Paige: CARDIO > Exam 2 - CHD > Flashcards

Exam 2 - CHD Flashcards

1
Q

Where does atherosclerosis happen?

A

in aorta and its branches

coronary arteries

cerebral arteries

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2
Q

Which chemical is protective to your vessels?

A

nitric oxide

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3
Q

What causes myocardial ischemia

A

significant coronary stenosis

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4
Q

What signs/sx might clue you in to the fact that a patient has ischemia?

A

MR

angina pectoris

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5
Q

What does stable angina present like in a male?

A

chest discomfort - heavy, tight, pressure, squeezing, burning, aching

Crescendo-decrescendo (1-5min)

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6
Q

Where does stable angina radiate to in a male?

A

L arm

upper back

upper arm

neck

jaw

teeth

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7
Q

What sign is represented by a fist over the sternal area?

A

Levine sign

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8
Q

What precipitates angina?

A

exercise

stress

cold

cigarettes

lg meals

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9
Q

How does angina present in a female?

A

atypical chest pain pattern

radiates to R arm

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10
Q

How does angina present in diabetic and elderly women?

A

malaise

dec appetite

abd discomfort

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11
Q

what does angina cause on the skin?

A

xanthelasma, xanthomas

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12
Q

what does angina cause in the eyes?

A

AV nicking

HTN and DM changes

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13
Q

what does angina look like on PE?

A

S4 gallop, murmurs, change in BP

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14
Q

What will ECG look like during an angina episode?

A

ST depression or T wave inversion

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15
Q

What’s the gold standard test for angina?

A

coronary angiography

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16
Q

does coronary vasospasm occur in normal or diseased arteries?

A

either

17
Q

what causes coronary vasospasm?

A

exposure to cold, stress, meds/drugs

18
Q

What are symptoms of coronary vasospasm?

A

chest discomfort at rest

19
Q

What will you see on EKG with coronary vasospasm?

A

ST elevation

arrhythmias

20
Q

What can a coronary vasospasm lead to?

A

MI

21
Q

What is it called when a coronary vasospasm leads to ischemia?

A

Prinzmetal’s angina

22
Q

When are you most likely to get sx from Prinzmetal’s angina?

A

at rest

in AM

23
Q

does Prinzmetal’s vasospasm occur in normal or diseased vessels?

A

normal

24
Q

What are the 3 criteria for unstable angina (NSTEMI)?

A
  1. angina at rest for >10min
  2. new onset angina (<4weeks) that is worsening
  3. previously stable angina that is worsening
25
Q

Will you have cardiac marker elevation with a NSTEMI?

A

no

26
Q

Switching gears to STEMI, what serum markers should you look for?

A

CK

troponin in 4-6 hours

27
Q

What is the EKG criteria for using thrombolytics in a STEMI?

A

ST elevation > 1mm in 2 or more leads

ONLY

28
Q

What might an acute MI lead to?

A

mitral regurg

LV dysfunction

ventricular arrhythmias

Paige: CARDIO (11 decks)

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