Exam #2 Hip, Shoulder, Knee, Trauma Flashcards
What shape would best describe the medial tibial plateau?
Concave; at the very top of tibia
Is the lateral tibial plateau the same shape as the medial? Why do you think so?
convex/flat. It doesn’t actually connect bone to bone
Is the fibula considered part of the knee joint?
No
Which bones compromise the knee joint?
Patella, femur, tibia: why the knee is the largest joint in the body
Sciatic nerve bifurcates into 2 nerves. What are they?
common peroneal nerve (fibular nerve) and tibial nerve. Tibial goes right behind tibia and peroneal goes alongside the fibula on the lateral side
What muscle group flexes the knee?
Hamstrings (semitendinosous, biceps femoris, demimembranosus)
What muscle group extends the knee?
Quadriceps
What is the fibula in terms of directional vocab?
Lateral
What is the main artery and vein that go behind the tibia?
popliteal artery and vein
What comes together to form the acetabulum? (socket)
Ilium, Ischium and the pubis
Where do the sciatic nerve and femoral artery come from?
sciatic comes from back of hip, femoral artery from the front
What are the four ligaments that make up the knee?
ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL
Is synovial fluid vital for joints?
Yes, it reduces friction between articular cartilage of joints
Adduction
closer to midline
Abduction
away from midline
Avascular
no blood flow/without blood
Aneural
no nerve endings/without nerves
What is both avascular and aneural?
Cartilage
What is the alternative for cartilage wearing out?
joint replacement
Name the soft tissue structures that attach to the femoral neck:
ilifemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral ligaments
Is there another name for the soft tissue structures that attach to the femoral neck?
joint capsule “hip capsule”
What muscle group acts to flex the hip?
quads flex the hip; hamstrings extend the hip
What does the quadriceps muscle group do for knee movement?
quads extend the knee; hamstrings flex it
What does ASIS stand for and where is it located?
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine: bony landmark to tell you where your hip socket is; top of iliac spine
What structure helps to deepen the acetabulum and assists in stabilizing the hip?
Labrum
In addition to the term “acetabulum”, what other term is commonly used by the surgeon to reference this landmark?
socket
(T/F) This diaphysis is considered the shaft of the long bone?
T
What are the 3 components of the long bones?
Metaphysis, Epaphysis, Diaphysos
(T/F) The tibia and fibula cross over each other like the radius and ulna do
F
If a bone fractures into 3 or more segments, which is the classification of the fracture?
Comminuted
A compound fracture is one where the bone protrudes from the individual’s skin. What do we call that fracture today?
Open fracture
(T/F) The scapula attaches to the thoracic spine.
F
How many bones compromise the shoulder girdle? What are the names of these bones?
3- clavicle, humerus, scapula
Where does most the movement in the shoulder girdle occur?
glenohumeral joint (humerus)
(T/F) The humerus is anteverted to articulate with glenoid, similar to how the femur is positioned with the acetabulum.
F- humerus is retroverted
Name the rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus, ifraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
(T/F) Generally you might expect the glenoid to be positioned with either anteversion or retroversion
T- fairly neutral but some people have it will be slightly one way or the other
Label the ACL, PCL, MCL, ACL
look it up
Label the popliteal vein and artery, sciatic nerve, peroneal nerve and tibial nerve
look it up
Label the Iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments
look it up
Label the anterior superior iliac spine
look it up
Multifragmentary fracture
one big segmental piece
Antverted
forward facing (hip
Retroverted
backward facing (shoulder)
Most commons torn rotator cuff muscle
supraspinatus
Corticaol bone vrs. cancellous bone
outside hard bone, spongy inside bone
Displaced fracture
bone is no longer in alignment, usually requires surgery
non disaplaced fracture
bone is still in alignment- casts/splint/brace
intra-articular fracture
fracture that goes into the joint space, worried now about soft tissue damage
extra-articular fracture
any fracture outside of the joint space, only worried about the bone
Bursa
synovial fluid sacs of joints
acute injury
sudden overload of bone/tissue
chronic injury
built up over time
edema
swelling
contusion
bruising
4 steps of bone repair
- Hematoma 2. Tissue regeneration (soft callus) 3. Tissue regeneration (hard callus) 4. Tissue/bone remodeling
