Exam 2 - Glycolysis and Fermentation

Question 1

chemotrophs

Answer 1

organisms that contain energy from the food they ingest by using oxidative breakdown of sugar molecule

Question 2

phototrophs

Answer 2

use solar radiation as energy source to reduce CO2 in order to produce sugar

Question 3

oxidation

Answer 3

loss of electrons and hydrogens

release energy

Question 4

reduction

Answer 4

gain of electrons and hydrogens

gain energy

Question 5

Photoautotrophs

Answer 5

get their energy from sunlight and carbon from CO2

Question 6

photoheterotrophs

Answer 6

get their energy from sunlight and carbon from food

Question 7

chemoautotrophs

Answer 7

do not get their energy from sunlight and carbon from CO2

Question 8

chemoheterotrophs

Answer 8

do not get their energy from sunlight and carbon from food

Question 9

lithotrophs

Answer 9

get their energy from non-sun, inorganic compounds

Question 10

organotrophs

Answer 10

get their energy from non-sun, organic compounds

Question 11

metabolism

Answer 11

all of the rxns that occur in a cell

Question 12

anabolic pathways

Answer 12

synthesize molecules

usually require energy

Question 13

catabolic pathways

Answer 13

breakdown molecules

usually release energy

Question 14

ATP

Answer 14

adenosine triphosphate

stores energy in phosphoanhydride bonds and phosphoester bond

Question 15

phosphoanhydride bonds

Answer 15

bonds between phosphate groups

Question 16

phosphoester bonds

Answer 16

bonds between phosphate and ribose

Question 17

3 types of organisms based on oxygen requirement

Answer 17

1. obligate aerobes - must have oxygen
   (vertebrates)
2. obligate anaerobes - cannot use oxygen
   (bacteria)
3. facultative - can go with more without oxygen
   (worms and crustaceans)

Question 18

cellular respiration equation

Answer 18

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 19

4 main parts of cellular respiration

Answer 19

1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate oxidation
3. Citric Acid Cycle
4. Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 20

Glycolysis

Answer 20

10-step rxn sequence
glucose converted to 2 pyruvate
does not require oxygen
occurs in cytoplasm

Question 21

products of glycolysis

Answer 21

2 pyruvate
2 NADH
2 ATP

Question 22

what happens if there is not oxygen for glycolysis

Answer 22

fermentation takes place to supply NAD+ to glycolysis by converting pyruvate into lactic acid

Question 23

gluconeogenesis

Answer 23

synthesis of glucose from pyruvic acid