Exam 2 - Gallbladder Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Cholelithiasis def

A

stones in the gallbladder

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2
Q

Cholelithiasis etiology

A

impaired metabolism of cholesterol, bilirubin and bile acids

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3
Q

three types of stones

A

cholesterol, pigmented and mixed

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4
Q

risk factors - 8

A

obesity
female
middle ages (40)
use of oral contraception
rapid weight loss
indigenous American
genetic predisposition
pancreatic or ileal disease

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5
Q

Cholelithiasis manifestations

A

usually asymptomatic

epigastric and right quadrant pain

intolerance to fatty foods

jaundice

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6
Q

why epigastric and right quadrant pain

A

lodged in cystic or common bile duct

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7
Q

vague symptoms of Cholelithiasis 4

A

heartburn, flatulence, epigastric discomfort, food intolerances (fat and cabbage)

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8
Q

what is biliary colic

A

intermittent pain that radiates to the back

occurs 30 minutes to several hours after eating fatty meal

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9
Q

severity of Cholelithiasis depends on

A

movement of stones
obstruction

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10
Q

why jaundice

A

bile cannot flow into duodenum

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11
Q

why dark amber urine that foams when shaken

A

soluble bilirubin in urine

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12
Q

why clay colored stools

A

bilirubin does not reach small intestine to be converted into urobilinogen

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13
Q

why steatorrhea

A

no bile salts in duodenum preventing fat digestion

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14
Q

why pruritis

A

deposit of bile salts into skin tissues

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15
Q

why intolerance to fatty foods

A

no bile in small intestine to help with fat digestion

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16
Q

why bleeding tendencies

A

decreased absorption of vitamin K (can’t clot without it)

17
Q

Cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder

18
Q

Cholecystitis can be

A

acute or chronic

19
Q

Cholecystitis cause

A

most often caused by gallstone lodged in the cystic duct

20
Q

Cholecystitis leads

A

to distended and inflamed gallbladder

21
Q

Cholecystitis pain

A

similar to biliary colic or cholelithiasis issues

22
Q

pressure against distended wall of gallbladder leads to

A

decreased blood flow, ischemia, necrosis and perforation

23
Q

Cholecystitis common to see

A

fever, leukocytosis, rebound tenderness, and guarding

24
Q

Cholecystitis lab values

A

increased bilirubin and alk phos

25
Q

treatment for Cholecystitis

A

surgery removal

26
Q

gallbladder pharm analgesic

A

ketorolac for pain control

27
Q

antiemetics

A

nausea and vomiting

28
Q

anticholinergics

A

decrease gallbladder secretion and stop smooth muscle spasms (decrease risk of more stones)

29
Q

Bile acids

A

rare, dissolve stones