Exam 2 - Fats/Oils

Question 1

Fats that are liquid at room temperature are called _________.

Answer 1

Oils

Question 2

Fats that are solid at room temperature are called ________.

Answer 2

Fats

Question 3

Is cholesterol a fat?

Answer 3

NO, it is not fat.

Question 4

Describe cholesterol.

Answer 4

Cholesterol is a “fat-like” substance present in all body cells that is needed for essential body processes.

Question 5

What is the function of cholesterol?

Answer 5

It contributes to the digestion of fat and the skin’s production of vitamin D.

Question 6

Where is cholesterol produced?

Answer 6

It is synthesized in the LIVER

All animals have the ability to manufacture cholesterol.

Question 7

How does cholesterol travel through the blood?

Answer 7

It is packed up into these chemicals called LIPOPROTEINS.

Question 8

What are the two main types of lipoproteins?

Answer 8

LDL and HDL

LDL -> away from the liver, the bad kind

HDL -> toward the liver, the good kind

Question 9

Fill in the blank:

For most people, the _________ and ________ of fats eaten have a ________ effect on blood cholesterol than does the cholesterol itself.

Answer 9

For most people, the AMOUNTS and TYPES of fats eaten have a GREATER effect on blood cholesterol than does the cholesterol itself.

Question 10

Are fats made up of just one type of fatty acid?

Answer 10

No, they are made up of a mixture.

But most of the time, one fatty acid is present in a greater amount.

Question 11

What are the three main types of fatty acid.

Answer 11

1. Saturated
2. Polyunsaturated
3. Monounsaturated

Question 12

Saturated FA results in…

_____ LDL
_____HDL

Answer 12

Saturated FA

RAISE LDL
RAISE HDL

Question 13

What are some sources of saturated fats? (6)

Answer 13

1. Meat/Animal Sources
2. Poultry Skin
3. Whole Milk and Dairy Products
4. Butter
5. Shortening
6. Tropical Oils

Question 14

Polyunsaturated FA results in…

_____ LDL
_____HDL

Answer 14

Polyunsaturated FA

LOWERS LDL
LOWERS HDL

Question 15

What are some sources of PUFAs? (4)

Answer 15

1. Vegetable Oils
2. Corn Oil
3. Soybean Oil
4. Safflower Oil

Question 16

Monounsaturated FA results in…

_____ LDL
_____ HDL

Answer 16

Monounsaturated FA

LOWERS LDL
RAISES HDL

Best one to have.

Question 17

What are some sources of MUFAs? (6)

Answer 17

1. Olives
2. Olive Oil
3. Avocados
4. Canola Oil
5. Peanuts
6. Peanut Oil

Question 18

Fats that are SOLID at room temperature are made up mainly of ________ fatty acids.

Answer 18

Saturated

Question 19

Fats that are LIQUID at room temperature are made up mainly of ________ fatty acids.

Answer 19

Unsaturated

Question 20

What is hydrogenation?

Answer 20

It is the process in which missing hydrogen atoms are added to an unsaturated fat to make it firmer in texture.

It turns liquid oil into solid fat.

Question 21

After hydrogenating a fatty acid, what is the result?

Answer 21

This forms a new type of fatty acid called:

TRANS-FATTY ACID: “Man-made fat”

Question 22

Trans fatty acids have many of the same properties as what other type of FA?

Answer 22

Saturated Fats

Question 23

What is a function of fats that deals with vitamins?

Answer 23

The vitamins A, D, E, and K are the fat soluble vitamins.

They vitamins provide a reserve store of energy.

Question 24

What are other functions of facts besides being stored through the fat-soluble vitamins? (6)

Answer 24

1. Promotes healthy skin
2. Promotes normal cell growth
3. Acts like a cushion and heat regulator to protect your heart, liver, and other vital organs
4. insulates your body
5. Satisfies hunger and helps you feel full longer
6. Adds flavor to food

Question 25

What are high fat diets linked to? (4)

Answer 25

1. Increased cholesterol
2. Heart disease
3. Obesity
4. CV related problems.