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SI BIO 100 > Exam 2 Fall 17 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Fall 17 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

True or False:

Mitosis takes place in your gametes, whereas meiosis takes place in your somatic cells.

A

F

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2
Q

True or False:

An X chromosome is an autosome.

A

F

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3
Q

True or False:

Alleles are described as alternate versions of a gene.

A

T

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4
Q

True or False:

Sister chromatids are joined at the telomere.

A

f

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5
Q

True or False:

Differentiation of the zygote into a multicellular organism results from selective gene expression.

A

t

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6
Q

True or False:

Skin cells contain information about skin color but not about muscle proteins

A

f

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7
Q

True or False:

Mutations in DNA can lead to new alleles.

A

t

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8
Q

True or False:

The process by which the genotype is expressed as phenotype is known as gene expression

A

t

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9
Q

True or False:

The phenotype always shows the recessive allele.

A

f

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10
Q

True or False:

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes with the potential to become oncogenes.

A

t

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11
Q

An example of nondisjunction is when:
A) homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis
B) DNA fails to replicate before meiosis
C) a cell does not go through cytokinesis
D) meiosis stops after the first cell division

A

a

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12
Q 
A woman with type A blood has a child with type O blood. What is the woman’s genotype?
A. IBi
B. IAi
C. Ii
D. IAIA 
E. IAIB
A

b

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13
Q

Mature human nerve cells and muscle cells

A. become cancerous more easily than other cell types.
B. continue to divide throughout their lifetime.
C. are permanently in a state of nondivision.
D. cease dividing after a predetermined number of cell generations.

A

c

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14
Q

Which of the following shows the greatest promise as a cancer chemotherapy agent?

A. a drug that interferes with cellular respiration
B. a drug that prevents mitotic spindle from forming
C. a drug that prevents crossing over
D. a drug that prevents tetrad formation

A

b

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15
Q

Meiosis results in 2^n possible chromosomal combinations in humans. How many chromosomal combinations are possible for gametes formed by meiosis in humans?

a) 46
b) 2,116
c) 46,604
d) 8,388,608

A

d

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16
Q

Cystic fibrosis in humans is caused by mutations in a single gene and is inherited as an autosomal (non-sex-chromosome) recessive trait. A normal couple has two children. The first child has cystic fibrosis, and the second child is unaffected. What is the probability that the second child is a carrier (heterozygous) for the mutation that causes the disease?

A. 1/4 or 25%
B. 1/2 or 50%
C. 2/3 or 67% 
D. 3/4 or 75% 
E. 1 or 100%
A

c

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17
Q

Cancer is not usually inherited because

A. The chromosomal changes in cancer are usually confined to somatic cells
B. The causes of cancer are not usually genetic
C. People with cancer usually die before reproducing
D. The cancerous cells usually interfere with the ability to produce gametes

A

a

18
Q 
How many sex chromosomes are in a human gamete? 
A. One 
B. two
C. three
D. Four
A

a

19
Q

The term “gene expression” refers to the

A. fact that each individual of a species has a unique set of genes.
B. fact that individuals of the same species have different phenotypes.
C. process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins.
D. flow of information from parent to offspring.

A

c

20
Q

How is it that the cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions?

A. The cells contain different genes.
B. The cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression.
C. Different chromosomes have been inactivated in different cells.
D. The mutations that have accumulated in the cells of the different tissues control functions.

A

b

21
Q

How is it that the cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions?

A. The cells contain different genes.
B. The cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression.
C. Different chromosomes have been inactivated in different cells.
D. The mutations that have accumulated in the cells of the different tissues control functions.

A

b

22
Q 
Genetic variation is accomplished by all but one of the following. Which is it? 
A. the events of meiosis I
B. crossing over
C. independent assortment
D. the events of meiosis II
A

d

23
Q

The individual features of all organisms are the result of A. Genetics
B. The environment
C. The environment and individual needs
D. The environment and genetics

A

d

24
Q

One difference between mitosis and meiosis is ______.

A. mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
B. mitosis produces haploid cells, but meiosis produces diploid cells
C. mitosis produces more daughter cells than meiosis
D. mitosis requires only one parent cell, but meiosis requires two parent cells

A

a

25
Q

What chromosomes belong to a normal human female?
A. 22 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes
B. 44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes
C. 44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y
D. chromosome 46 autosomes and two X chromosomes

A

b

26
Q

Justin has type A blood and his wife Brittany has type B blood. Justin’s parents both have type AB blood, and Brittany’s parents also both have type AB blood. What are the chances that Justin and Brittany’s son Theodore has type A blood?

a) 100%
b) 75%
c) 25%
d) 0%

A

d

27
Q 
Mitosis is necessary for all of the following EXCEPT: 
A) growth
B) replacing worn-out cells 
C) repair of wounds
D) production of gametes
A

d

28
Q

If crossing over has taken place,
A) the chromosomes involved will each be a mix of maternal and paternal DNA
B) the individual must be homozygous
C) the chromosomes involved will end up in the same gamete
D) the cells that are formed will be genetically identical

A

a

29
Q

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive condition. A man with hemophilia (XhY) and a woman who does not carry a copy of the allele that causes hemophilia (XHXH) have a son. What is the probability that he will have hemophilia?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%

A

a

30
Q 
Life cycles for eukaryotes move between a diploid and haploid phase. At some point during the diploid phase, some cells of the organism undergo:
A) fertilization 
B) meiosis
C) mitosis
D) A & B
E) B & C
A

e

31
Q 
The phenotype of an organism is \_\_\_.
A) its genetic makeup
B) its physical characteristics
C) a hypothesis of its evolutionary origins 
D) both A and B
A

b

32
Q

Two plants with a heterozygous genotype (Aa) are crossed. What proportion of their offspring are expected to have a heterozygous genotype (Aa)?
A) all of the offspring will be heterozygous
B) 3⁄4
C) 1⁄2
D) 1⁄4
E) none of the offspring will be heterozygous

A

c

33
Q

Which of the following occurs during prophase I of meiosis?
A) homologous pairs of chromosomes align in the center of the cell
B) homologous chromosomes pair up
C) homologous chromosomes are separated
D) sister chromatids are separated

A

b

34
Q 
The role of spindle microtubules is to: 
A) replicate DNA
B) condense chromosomes
C) repair DNA
D) move and separate chromosomes
A

d

35
Q 
Crossing over takes place during: 
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) cytokinesis 
D) both A and B
A

b

36
Q 
Mendel crossed a plant grown from a yellow seed with a plant grown from a green seed. The offspring consisted of all yellow seeds. This demonstrated that:
A) yellow is the dominant phenotype
B) yellow is the recessive phenotype 
C) yellow and green are codominant 
D) none of the above
A

a

37
Q

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive trait that causes muscular weakness. The allele for DMD is represented byXdand the normal allele is represented byXD. Neither parent has DMD, but both of their sons express the trait. What are the genotypes of the parents?

A XDXD and XdY
B XDXD and XDY
C XDXd and XdY
D XDXd and XDY

A

d

38
Q

Male-pattern baldness is an X-linked recessive trait (Xb) with the dominant normal hair gene beingXB.A father with the genotypeXBY and a mother with the genotypeXbXbhave a son. What is the percent chance that the son will inherit male-pattern baldness?

A 50%
B 75%
C 0% 
D 100% 
E 25%
A

d

39
Q

Color blindness is a sex‑linked trait in humans. A woman who is a carrier for color blindness has children with a man who is color blind. Which of the following is true regarding their offspring?

A No daughters are color blind
B All sons are carriers
C All sons are color blind
D Any daughter is either color blind or a carrier

A

d

40
Q

In Drosophila flies, eye color is sex-linked. The allele for red eyes XW is dominant to the allele for white eyesXw. A male fly with red eyesXWYand a carrier femaleXWXw are mated.

Part 1: What is the probability that the female offspring will have white eyes?

A 50%
B 75%
C 0% 
D 100%
E 25%
A

c

SI BIO 100 (4 decks)

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