(Exam 2) Enzymes Flashcards
The enzyme without its nonprotein moiety is termed an ___________.
- This makes it inactive!
- PPT refers to this as the “protein portion”
apoenzyme
The term ________ refers to the active site with its nonprotein component.
holoenzyme
If the nonprotein moiety is a metal ion such as Zn2+ or Fe2+, it is called a _________.
cofactor
If the nonprotein moiety is a small organic molecule, its termed a __________.
coenzyme
Coenzymes that transiently associate with the enzyme are called __________.
*These dissociate from the enzyme in an altered state.
cosubstrates
If the coenzyme is permanently associated with the enzyme and returned to its original form, it is called a _________ ________.
prosthetic group
Coenzymes are frequently derived from __________.
vitamins
Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions such as Lactate to Pyruvate.
Oxidoreductases
Catalyze transfer of C-, N-, or P- containing groups such as Serine to Glycine.
Transferases
Catalyze cleavage of bonds by addition of water, such as Urea.
Hydrolases
Catalyze cleavage of C-C, C-S, and certain C-N bonds, such as Pyruvate to Acetaldehyde.
Lyases
Catalyze racemization of optical or geometric isomers, such as Methylmalonyl CoA to Succinyl CoA.
Isomerases
Catalyze formation of bonds between carbon and O, S, N coupled to hydrolysis of high-energy phosphates, such as Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate.
Ligases
