Chapter 2, Protein Misfolding Flashcards
The folding of a newly synthesized chain of amino acids into a functional protein depends upon two major sets of factors:
- The ________ properties of the amino acid sequence
- ________ influences (chaperones, etc.)
- intrinsic properties
* external influences
__________ is what a protein folds into, but _________ require breaking and making new covalent bonds.
conformation, configuration
Conformational (misfolding) diseases are characterized by deposition of ________ _______ in various organs.
protein aggregates
Amyloid precursor protein is a transmembrane protein possibly involved in the formation and the repair of ________. This protein undergoes proteolytic cleavage, generating a 40-42 amino acid long peptide known as ______ ______.
- repair of synapses
* amyloid beta
Amyloid beta can undergo a misfold, leading to aggregates of insoluble fibrils of beta-pleated sheet conformation. These are known as ________ and are (intra/extracellular).
plaques, EXTRAcellular
What type of proteins function in the stabilization of microtubules?
Tau proteins
Hyperphosphorylation of tau can cause the generation of neurofibrillary tangles inside of neurons. These tangles can interfere with the transport of enzymes, nutrients, and other essential biochemicals. Tau, tubules, and tangles are all (intra/extracellular).
INTRAcellular
Prion diseases are transmissible within a species and sometimes between species. They can destroy the tissue of the brain, leaving it to appear ________.
spongiform
The misfolded protein (PrPSC) has the identical amino acid sequence as the normal counterpart, but it’s secondary structure is primarily ______ ______. It is very resistant to protease digestion, and is highly insoluble in detergents.
beta sheets
Creutizfeldt-Jakob can also be transmitted through medical procedures which is referred to as _________.
Iatrogenic
You need both the denaturing agent and _________ agent to denature a protein.
reducing
