Exam 2 - Ear packet Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerves cause the external auditory meatus and canal to be pain sensitive?

A

C3, CN V3

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2
Q

What is Arnold’s nerve?

A

branch of CN X - innervates external canal

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3
Q

What does stimulation of Arnold’s nerve produce?

A

cough reflex and sometimes lightheadedness

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss?

A

Cerumen impaction (positive feedback loop)

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5
Q

What is the cause of 60-80% of hearing aid faults?

A

Cerumen impaction

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6
Q

What are the precipitants of otitis externa?

A

excessive moisture, trauma (over-zealous cleaning), chronic dermatologic dzs

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7
Q

What are the key indications of otitis externa?

A

localized external ear pain th/ increases w/ gentle traction of pinna, erythema/swelling of external canal, otorrhea (discharge) from external auditory canal

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8
Q

How will tympanic membrane appear with acute otitis externa?

A

Red

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9
Q

Is “malignant” otitis externa cancer?

A

NO

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10
Q

Which pts get necrotizing “malignant” otitis externa?

A

diabetic or immunocompromised pts

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11
Q

What is the main symptom of atopic otitis externa?

A

Canal ITCHES and appears dry and shiny. Non-infectious

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12
Q

Which lymph nodes can be palpated in cases of otitis media?

A

post-auricular lymph nodes

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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the tympanic membrane?

A
  1. outer ectodermal layer 2. intermediate fibrous stratum 3. inner mucosal layer
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14
Q

What landmarks of the tympanic membrane are usually seen through the membrane?

A

short process of malleus, the manubrium of malleus, the umbo, and the light reflex

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of perforation of the tympanic membrane?

A

acute ear infections

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16
Q

What kind of membrane perforation heals most easily?

A

central (pars tensa)

17
Q

What membrane perforations heal less easily?

A

attic, annulus, and umbo perforations

18
Q

What is the prognosis of perforated tympanic membrane with persistent eustachian tube dysfunction?

A

Poorer prognosis

19
Q

Scars of the tympanic membrane are of little importance unless ______?

A

pt has signs of conductive hearing loss

20
Q

In a pt with conductive hearing loss, what can scarring of tympanic membrane be a sign of?

A

sign of ossicular fixation

21
Q

How can cholesteatoma of tympanic membrane form?

A

when squamous epithelium is deposited in an area where cells cannot be sloughed off.

22
Q

With cholesteatoma, what do the cells that cannot be sloughed off contain, and what can it lead to?

A

Dead cells contain keratin, which can erode surrounding tissues

23
Q

Is the medial part of the eustachian tube normally open or closed?

A

Normally closed

24
Q

What can obstruction of the eustachian tube lead to?

A

retraction of the tympanic membrane. Can also cause middle ear to fill with fluid

25
What is the most common type of eustachian tube dysfunction?
mucosal edema (less complete dysfunction)
26
What can cause a more complete dysfunction of eustachian tube?
adenoiditis impacting medial cartilagenous portion of eustachian tube (less common type)
27
Acute otitis media (AOM) or otitis media with effusion (OME): pt appears normal to mildly ill
OME
28
AOM or OME: ear pain, otorrhea, irritability, fever/chills
AOM
29
AOM or OME: recent URTI and rapid onset of symptoms (<48 hrs)
AOM
30
AOM or OME: no fever/low-grade fever; presence of effusion; cloudy membrane/air-fluid levels; retracted membrane; normal to hypomobile membrane
OME
31
What is acute otitis media?
middle ear effusion that is accompanied by s/sx of acute infection
32
what is otitis media with effusion?
middle ear effusion WITHOUT s/sx of acute infection