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PDX 1 > Exam 2 - Ear packet > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Ear packet Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerves cause the external auditory meatus and canal to be pain sensitive?

A

C3, CN V3

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2
Q

What is Arnold’s nerve?

A

branch of CN X - innervates external canal

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3
Q

What does stimulation of Arnold’s nerve produce?

A

cough reflex and sometimes lightheadedness

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss?

A

Cerumen impaction (positive feedback loop)

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5
Q

What is the cause of 60-80% of hearing aid faults?

A

Cerumen impaction

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6
Q

What are the precipitants of otitis externa?

A

excessive moisture, trauma (over-zealous cleaning), chronic dermatologic dzs

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7
Q

What are the key indications of otitis externa?

A

localized external ear pain th/ increases w/ gentle traction of pinna, erythema/swelling of external canal, otorrhea (discharge) from external auditory canal

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8
Q

How will tympanic membrane appear with acute otitis externa?

A

Red

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9
Q

Is “malignant” otitis externa cancer?

A

NO

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10
Q

Which pts get necrotizing “malignant” otitis externa?

A

diabetic or immunocompromised pts

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11
Q

What is the main symptom of atopic otitis externa?

A

Canal ITCHES and appears dry and shiny. Non-infectious

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12
Q

Which lymph nodes can be palpated in cases of otitis media?

A

post-auricular lymph nodes

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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the tympanic membrane?

A
  1. outer ectodermal layer 2. intermediate fibrous stratum 3. inner mucosal layer
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14
Q

What landmarks of the tympanic membrane are usually seen through the membrane?

A

short process of malleus, the manubrium of malleus, the umbo, and the light reflex

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of perforation of the tympanic membrane?

A

acute ear infections

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16
Q

What kind of membrane perforation heals most easily?

A

central (pars tensa)

17
Q

What membrane perforations heal less easily?

A

attic, annulus, and umbo perforations

18
Q

What is the prognosis of perforated tympanic membrane with persistent eustachian tube dysfunction?

A

Poorer prognosis

19
Q

Scars of the tympanic membrane are of little importance unless ______?

A

pt has signs of conductive hearing loss

20
Q

In a pt with conductive hearing loss, what can scarring of tympanic membrane be a sign of?

A

sign of ossicular fixation

21
Q

How can cholesteatoma of tympanic membrane form?

A

when squamous epithelium is deposited in an area where cells cannot be sloughed off.

22
Q

With cholesteatoma, what do the cells that cannot be sloughed off contain, and what can it lead to?

A

Dead cells contain keratin, which can erode surrounding tissues

23
Q

Is the medial part of the eustachian tube normally open or closed?

A

Normally closed

24
Q

What can obstruction of the eustachian tube lead to?

A

retraction of the tympanic membrane. Can also cause middle ear to fill with fluid

25
Q

What is the most common type of eustachian tube dysfunction?

A

mucosal edema (less complete dysfunction)

26
Q

What can cause a more complete dysfunction of eustachian tube?

A

adenoiditis impacting medial cartilagenous portion of eustachian tube (less common type)

27
Q

Acute otitis media (AOM) or otitis media with effusion (OME): pt appears normal to mildly ill

A

OME

28
Q

AOM or OME: ear pain, otorrhea, irritability, fever/chills

A

AOM

29
Q

AOM or OME: recent URTI and rapid onset of symptoms (<48 hrs)

A

AOM

30
Q

AOM or OME: no fever/low-grade fever; presence of effusion; cloudy membrane/air-fluid levels; retracted membrane; normal to hypomobile membrane

A

OME

31
Q

What is acute otitis media?

A

middle ear effusion that is accompanied by s/sx of acute infection

32
Q

what is otitis media with effusion?

A

middle ear effusion WITHOUT s/sx of acute infection

PDX 1 (7 decks)

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