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PDX 1 > Exam 1 - Lymph packet > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Lymph packet Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for malignancy in lymphadenopathy? (4)

A
  1. increasing age 2. lasts longer than 2 weeks 3. node that is “fixed” 4. supraclavicular location
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2
Q

Can normal lymph nodes be seen or palpated?

A

No

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3
Q

What happens when lymph nodes react to stimuli?

A

Extra fibrous tissue deposited in capsule and septa of lymph node

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4
Q

What does stretching of the fibrous capsule cause?

A

Pain

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5
Q

What does inflammation cause in the fibrous capsule?

A

Thickening of capsule

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6
Q

What is lympadenopathy?

A

abnormality in node size, consistency, or number

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7
Q

What is the most common lymphadenopathy?

A

Hyperplastic nodes

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8
Q

General characteristics of hyperplastic nodes?

A

firm, moveable, non-tender, discrete margins

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9
Q

What is “reactive lymphadenopathy”?

A

immune response to an antigen

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10
Q

What is lymphadenitis?

A

inflammatory cells from an infection infiltrate the node

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphadenitis?

A

soft/fluctuant, moveable, tender/painful, discrete margins

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12
Q

What is metastasis?

A

neoplastic cells carried to node by lymphatic fluid/blood

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13
Q

Characteristics of malignant nodes?

A

hard/indurated, not moveable, not pain-sensitive, no discrete margins, larger than 1 cm

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14
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

localized neoplastic proliferation of lymphocytes or macrophages

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15
Q

Characteristics of lymphoma?

A

rubbery, not moveable, not pain-sensitivie, discrete margins

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16
Q

Superficial cervico-facial nodes? (6)

A
  1. sub occipital 2. post-auricular 3. pre-auricular/infra-auricular 4. submandibular 5. submental 6. anterior/posterior superficial cervical
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17
Q

Deep cervicofacial nodes? (3)

A
  1. supraclavicular 2. internal jugular 3. tonsilar
18
Q

What does enlargement of right supraclavicular node suggest?

A

lung, GI, or retroperitoneal cancer

19
Q

What does enlargement of left supraclavicular node suggest?

A

lymphoma, intra-thoracic cancer, or systemic infection

20
Q

What is Virchow’s node (sentinel node)?

A

enlargement of LEFT supraclavicular node

21
Q

What is the risk of malignancy in supraclavicular lymphadenopathy?

A

90% in pts over 40

22
Q

What do the epitrochlear lymph nodes drain?

A

ulnar aspect of forearm and hand

23
Q

What do axillary nodes drain?

A

arm, thoracic wall, breast (75% of drainage from breast)

24
Q

What do infraclavicular nodes drain?

A

axillary nodes

25
Q

Five divisions of axillary nodes?

A
  1. lateral (humeral) group 2. anterior (pectoral) group 3. central group 4. apical (subclavian) group 5. posterior (subscapular) group
26
Q

Where does breast adenocarcinoma initially metastasize?

A

anterior and central axillary nodes

27
Q

What does enlargement of infraclavicular nodes usually present as?

A

“fullness” of the supraclavicular fossa

28
Q

What are the most common etiologies for inguinal lymphadenopathy?

A

benign reactive lymphadenopathy and infection

29
Q

Is the normal thyroid gland usually visible on inspection?

A

No

30
Q

Where is thyroid enlargement most often noticeable?

A

Below cricoid cartilage

31
Q

What is “nodularity”?

A

A distinct focal enlargement on one lobe of thyroid

32
Q

How should you inspect a pts thyroid?

A

With neck extended, and from the side

33
Q

Why should you have pt swallow when examining thyroid?

A

Might bring out enlargement/nodules that are not otherwise visible. Also, thyroid and trachea will move upward during swallow

34
Q

How should you palpate a pts thyroid?

A

With neck slightly flexed, use one hand to gently displace thyroid into fingers of other hand

35
Q

What should you assess thyroid gland for? (4)

A
  1. size 2. consistency 3. texture 4. tenderness
36
Q

What is a goiter?

A

enlargement of thyroid gland

37
Q

What do the majority (80%) of pts with goiter have?

A

Euthyroid goiter

38
Q

What is euthyroid goiter?

A

goiter with no clinical manifestations of thyroid disease

39
Q

What do palpable thyroid nodules usually represent?

A

Benign disease

40
Q

What percentage of solitary thyroid nodules are malignant?

A

5-10%

PDX 1 (7 decks)

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