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Dpt 716 - Pharmacology > Exam 2 Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 2 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q 
furesomide (Lasix) 
What is the class of medicine of:
A

loop diuretics

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2
Q

furesomide (Lasix)

what is it used for

A

HTN

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3
Q

furesomide (Lasix)

MOA?

A

acts on ascending loop of Henle by inhibiting reabsorption of Na, K, Cl which prevents reabsorption of water

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4
Q

furesomide (Lasix)

AEs?

A

dehydration, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, hypokalaemia, ototoxicity, hyperglycaemia, increased LDL

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5
Q 
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
class of medicine?
A

thiazide diuretics

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6
Q

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

used for?

A

HTN

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7
Q

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

MOA?

A

acts on early part of convoluted tubule by inhibiting mechanism that favour Na reabsorption resulting in Na and K excretion and Ca reabsorption (so decrease water reabsorption)

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8
Q

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

AE?

A

hypercalcemia, significant loss of K

other similar to loop diuretic

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9
Q

spironolactone

class ?

A

potassium sparing diuretic

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10
Q

spironolactone

Use

A

HTP

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11
Q

spironolactone

MOA

A

limit reabsorption of Na and excretion of K

limit osmotic gradient which drives reabsorption go H2O from late distal convoluted tubule

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12
Q

spironolactone

Ae?

A

hyperkalemia, nausea, lethargy, mental confusion

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13
Q

amlodipine

class

A

calcium channel blockers - dihydropyridine

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14
Q

amlodipine

MOA

A

block Ca entrance into vascular smooth muscle = vasodilation

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15
Q

amlodipine

AE

A

bradycardia, tachycardia (due to reflex), sweating, tremor, hypotension

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16
Q

diltiazem

class

A

calcium channel blockers - benzothiazepine

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17
Q

diltiazem

MOA

A

block Ca entrance into vascular smooth muscle = vasodilation

18
Q

diltiazem

A

bradycardia, tachycardia (due to reflex), sweating, tremor, hypotension

19
Q

metoprolol

class

A

beta blockers - B1 specific

20
Q

metoprolol

MOA

A

selectively block B1 receptors without causing bronchoconstriction (B1= heart and kidney)

21
Q

metoprolol

AE

A

bradycardia, OH, dizziness

22
Q

propranolol

class

A

beta blocker - non selective

23
Q

propranolol

MOA

A

block B1 and B2 adrenoreceptors

24
Q

propranolol

AE

A

bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, OH, dizziness

25
Q

carvedilol

class

A

beta blocker - B1 selective AND

non selective A1 and B1 antagonist

26
Q

carvedilol

MOA

A

selectively block B1 receptors without causing bronchoconstriction (B1= heart and kidney)

27
Q

carvedilol

AE

A

bradycardia, OH, dizziness

28
Q

lisinopril

class

A

ACE inhibitor

29
Q

lisinopril

MOA

A

block conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 = increase vasodilation and decrease aldosterone secretion which decrease water retention

30
Q

lisinopril

AE

A

common: Dry cough, hypotension/dizziness, hyperkalemia
rare: angioedema, acute renal failure

31
Q

enalapril

class

A

ACE inhibitor

32
Q

ramipril

class

A

ACE inhibitor

33
Q

losartan

class

34
Q

losartan

MOA

A

antagonist at AT1 receptors = block binding of angiotensin 2 = decrease in vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, constriction of efferent arterioles

35
Q

losartan

AE

A

similar to ACE except no dry cough

common: hypotension/dizziness, hyperkalemia
rare: angioedema, acute renal failure

36
Q

valsartan

class

37
Q

clonidine

class

A

central acting alpha agonist - alpha 2

38
Q

clonidine

AE

A

dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache

39
Q

nitroglycerin

class

40
Q

nitroglycerin

use

41
Q

nitroglycerin

MOA

A

reduces the amount of intracellular calcium available for contraction
decrease preload and afterload –> reduce workload of heart –> reduce O2 demand

Dpt 716 - Pharmacology (5 decks)

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