Exam 2 - Digestive System Flashcards
The Digestive system is a ______ tract, the contents of which are technically ________ the body. The contents are foreign material.
Tubular
Outside
Oral Cavity is lined by _____ _____ _____ which is _______ in herbivores (related to their coarse diet).
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Keratinized
The oral cavity if lined by a ______ _____ (a moist surface) which by definition includes the _______ and associated underlying _____ ____ (lamina propria/submucosa).
Note that these are commonly found in tubulur organs, e.g., GI tract, Respiratory tract, Urogenital tracts.
Secretions of glands and/or epithelial cells keep the mucous membrane moist.
Mucous Membrane
Epithlium
Connective Tissue
The lips represent a ________ junction and form the entrance to the oral cavity. They are covered by a thick _____ _____ _____.
The underlying ______/______ forms long _____ which extend into the thick epithelial layer.
The core of the lip contains ______ connective tissue and ______ muscle.
Mucocutaneous
Straitified Squamous Epithelium
L. Propria/Submucosa
Fibroelastic
Skeletal
The Palate forms the dorsal wall of the oral cavity and is further divided into hard and soft parts.
- The hard palate is comprised of ____ membrane over _____ (palatine, maxilla, incisive); rostrally it has ______ ridges. The submucosa is continous with the ______ of these bones.
The dental pad in ruminants is located in the rostral part of the ____ palate and replaces the _____ _______. It has a thick ____ _____ to withstand mechanical stress applied by the lower incisors.
- The soft palate is located caudal to the hard palate and consists of a _____ membrane covering ______ muscles. It may contain _____ ______ and _____. The transition to respiratory epithelium occurs on the dorsal surface of the soft palate.
- Mucous; Bone; Transverse; Periosteum
Hard; upper incisors; stratum corneum
- Mucous; skeletal; lymphatic nodules; glands
The ______ wall is located deep to the facial muscles and contains minor salivary glands and openings of ducts from major salivary glands.
Buccal
The tongue can be considered a ____ _____ sack filled with ____ muscles oritented in all planes, including both _____ and _____ lingual muscles.
It functions in mastication, swallowing and grooming. The epithelium is thicker on the ______ than the _____ surface.
Mucous Membrane
Skeletal
Intrinsic; Extrinsic
Dorsal; Ventral
A mid ventral _____ is prominent rostrally in the tongue of the dog.
It is a collagenous tube filled with fat and connective tissue.
Lyssa
Epithelial Papillae of tongue and oral cavity can be classified as having either:
- ________ functions (Keratinized)
- _______ functions (contain Taste Buds)
- Mechanical Functions
- Gustatory
________ ( _______ ) Papillae are the most numerous and are found throughout the dorsal surface od the ______ ______ (number) of the tongue.
In the horse they are delicate and thread-like.
In the cat they are coarse, each with a large rostral supporting papilla.
These are important for grasping food and grooming.
Filiform (mechanical)
Rostral 2/3
Taste is a protective ________ _______.
Evolutionary Gift!
________ ( _______ ) papillae are located on ______ of tongue and ______ _____ surface.
They are large (grossly observable) with _____ _____ and a large ______ core.
Conical (mechanical); Root; Cheek Inner
Keratinized Epithelium; CT
________ ( _______ ) papillae are large and grossly visible, lentil shaped (i.e., half of a biconvex lens) and keratinzed.
They are found on the ______ prominence of tongues in ________.
Lenticular (mechanical)
Dorsal; Ruminants
(#4 on image)
Ruminant Tongue Anatomy
- Torus linguae
- filiform
- Vallate
- lenticular
- conical
- lingual fossa
- fungiform
______ ( ______ and possible ______ ) papillae are scattered on _____ ____ surface of tongue; distribution is species specific.
They may be keratzined in herbivores.
Taste buds are found on _____ surface in carnivores and on ______ surface in herbivores.
Fungiform (gustatory; mechanical); rostral dorsal
dorsal; lateral
(Green Asterisk = fungiform, Blue arrow = filiform)
( ______ ) ________ ( _______ ) papillae are arranged in a V at the rostral border of the root of the tongue. Each papillae is surrounded by a depression called a ______.
Taste buds are located on the _____ surface, and open into the ______.
The number of these varies with species.
(Circum) Vallate (Gustatory); Moat
Lateral; Moat
_______ ( ______ ) papillae are found in a row at the lateral margin of the tongue, rostral to palatoglossal arch. They are _____ like and separated by ______.
Numerous taste buds are located on the lateral surfaces of foliate papillae.
Foliate (gustatory); leaf; furrows
__________ ________ (of von Ebner) are serous secreting with ducts opening into the “ _____ “ around vallate papillae or into the _____ between foliate papillae.
Secretions function as medium through which chemicals diffuse to taste buds.
Gustatory Glands; Moat; Furrows
Green asterisks = gustatory glands
blue arrows = ducts
Taste aids ______ in general by indicating nutritious and healthful foods and warning of presence of potenitally toxic substances.
Taste
