Exam 1 - Immune System Flashcards
The immune system has the ability to respond nonspecifically and rapidly (within hours)
i.e. ____ ______
and can also respond specifically, but more slowly
i.e. ____ or ______ ______
Innate Immunity
Acquired or Adaptive Immunity
Immune System Components:
1.
2.
3.
- Lymphatic System
- Immune Cells
- Immune System Organs
Lymphatic System
Lymphatics drain off excess tissue fluids and cells.
Route: as “_____-_____” lymphatic capillaries within connective tissue converge –> ______ vessels –> ______ duct –> ________ ______ –>
The flow is slow and dependent on surrounding structures (e.g. skeletal muscles) compressing the lymphatic vessel walls.
Blind-ended –> lympathic –> thoracic duct –> Brachiocephalic vein
Lympathic Capillaries
______ has a discontinuous _____ _____ which contirbutes to a very ______ vessel, allowing proteins and lipids to flow into lumen
Endothelium
Basal lamina
Permeable
Lymph Vessel
As lymph vessel size ____ so to does the _____ of the ___
i.e., larger lymph vessels have more connective tissue and may have ______ _____ in their wall
Have ________
NO ______
VS Vein -
_______ Valves
NO _______
______ wall
Increases, thickness, Wall
Smooth Muscle
Valves
RBC’s
More
RBC
Thinner
Immune Cells
Derivatives of two ____ _____ progenitor cells
Derivates of the common myeloid progenitor cells -
Important to the ____ immune responses
1. _________
2. _________
3. ____ _____
4. ____ _____
Derivatives of the common lymphoid progenitor
Important to the _____ immune reponses
1. _________
(2. ______ _____ _____ are also derived from the common lymphoid progenitor. They belong to the ______ immune response, i.e., they are not _____ specific, they can destroy _____ cells)
Bone Marrow
Innate
- Macrophages
- Granulocytes
- Mast Cells
- Dendritic Cells
Adaptive
1. Lymphocytes
2. Natural Killer Cells
Innate
Antigen
Abnormal
Immune System Organs and Diffuse Lymphatic Tissues =
sites where ______ develop ( _____ immune organs) or encounter/respond to _____ ( ____ immune organs) to mount an adpative immune response.
Lymphocytes
Primary
Antigens
Secondary
Chacteristics of Immune System Organs & Diffuse Lymphatic Tissues
- Many ________
- ________ connective tissue ( ____ cells and their associated ____ fibers (type 3 collagen) is the main supportive connective tissue of lymphatic organs (except not in thymus whic has a “special” supportive cell called ______ ______ cell).
Lymphocytes
Reticular
Reticular; Reticular
Epithelial Reticular
Classification of Immune System Organs & Diffuse Lymphatic Tissues
Primary (central) Immune Organs
- _____ _____ - where B lymphocytes (B-cells) mature
- _________ - where T lymphocytes (T-cells) mature
- ______ _____ +/- site of B-cell Maturation
(which two animals don’t always have these?)
Bone Marrow
Thymus
Peyer’s Patch
(Cattle/Sheep)
Where B Lymphocytes (B-cells mature)
Bone Marrow
Where T Lymphocytes (T-cells) Mature
Thymus
+/- site of B-cell maturation
Peyer’s Patch
Classification
Secondary (peripheral) Immune Tissues/Organs
3 examples
- Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue
- Lymph Nodes
- Spleen
Primary Lymphatic Organs
Bone Marrow:
_______ development/maturation
Function:
is a postnatal hemopoietic organ
[hemo: G. blood; poiesis: making]
producing _____ and _____ blood cells
(Prenatally the ____ ____, _____ and _____ have hemopoeitic capabilities)
Contains the hematopoietic stem cell - a cell that gives rise to the:
- ______ _____ progenitor
- _______ _______ progenitor
B-Cell
Red; White
Yolk sac, liver, spleen
Common Myeloid
Common Lymphoid
Primary Lymphatic Organs
Bone Marrow:
_______ development/maturation
Location/Structure:
- Occupies the inner cavities of bones
- _______ (cellular components): 4 examples
-2 types: _____ & _______
- _____ and vasculature: _____ _____ _____. These surround sinuses and parenchymal cells
-“Nutrient” artery penetrates bone cortex, branches within th ebone marrow cavities and terminates as thin-walled ______ with a discontinous ____ _____.
Newly formed blood cells can enter the vasculature system after retraction of surrounding reticular cells, depolymerization of the basal lamina and the creation of a transient pore in the endothelial cell. Conversely, contraction of perivascular reticular cells restircts access to the sinus basal lamina and thereby reduces the number of cells that can enter into the circulation.
- Venules extend from the ____ and coalesce into one main “central” vein which penetrates the ____ cortices to exit the marrow cavity
B-Cell
Parenchyma -
- Red Blood (erythroid) cell nests
- White Blood (granulocytic) cell nests
- Lymphocytes
- Platelets
Red; Yellow
Stroma; Reticular Connective Tissue
Sinuses; basal lamina
Sinusoids; Bone
2 Bone Marrow Types
red - actively producing ____ ____ ; is well ______ and usually located in the cancellous region of long bones
yellow - ow production of blood cells, adipose cells prominent. Yellow marrow can convert to red marrow if there is a need e.g., in severely anemic animals more RBCs are needed.
Blood Cells, vascularized
Thymus:
_______ Maturation
Origin/Function:
EMBRYOLOGICALLYthe thymus originates as an
______ ( ____ ) outgrowth of the _____ ______ pouch. Importantly, these epithelial cells of the pouch form the ____ _____ _____ that constitute the ______ stroma.
Lymphocyte progenitors migrate from the bone marrow to populate the thymus. After maturation/differentiation within the thymus, mature __ ______ are released into the circulation.
T- Cell
Epithelial (endoderm)
Third Pharyngeal
Epithelial Reticular Cells
T Lymphocytes
