Exam 2: Diagnostic Immunology

Question 1

What is the test for antibodies and/or antigens in a patient sample the definition of?

Answer 1

Diagnostic Serology

Question 2

What do we use antibodies to “clump” antigens?

Answer 2

Agglutination Reactions

Question 3

What are two examples for when we would use Agglutination Reactions?

Answer 3

• ABO blood typing

- Latex bead assays

Question 4

What type of diagnostic immunology test is Latex bead assays an example of? What is an example?

Answer 4

Agglutination Reactions
Ex:
- attach Ab for Stap. aureus to latex bead and then place in serum of blood and it is binds/agglutinates, that means Stap, aureus is present

Question 5

What is the name of the fancy machine that uses fluorescent labeled antibodies that give off diff colors based on Ab that attaches to the cell?

Answer 5

Flow Cytometry

Question 6

What does ELISA stand for?

Answer 6

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Question 7

What is used to detect antibodies or antigens in patient samples and is performed in a microtiter plate?

Answer 7

ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

Question 8

What is a titer?

Answer 8

is a measurement of how much antibody an organism has produced that recognizes a particular epitope (wikapedia)

Question 9

What type of ELISA is it when we are looking for the Antigen in the patients sample?

Answer 9

Direct ELISA

Question 10

What type of ELISA is it when we are looking for the Antibody in the patients sample?

Answer 10

Indirect ELISA

Question 11

What are the steps of a Direct ELISA? What marks the result?

Answer 11

1. Ab absorbed to well
2. Add patient serum (with Ag)
3. add enzyme-linked Ab specific for test (will bind to Ag)
4. enzyme’s substrate is added and rxn produces product causes visible change

(if sample changes color –> we detected Ag present)

Question 12

What are the steps for an Indirect ELISA?

Answer 12

1. Ag absorbed in well
2. add patient serum (with Ab)
3. add enzyme-linked anti-HISG and binds to Ab
4. enzyme’s substrate is added and rxn produces color change

(if change color–> detect Abs present)

Question 13

In a direct ELISA what are we looking for?

In an indirect ELISA what are we looking for?

Answer 13

direct –> looking for Ag

indirect–> looking for Ab

Question 14

What is used to detect Ab’s or Ag’s in a patients sample by performing gel electrophoresis and immunobloting?

Answer 14

Western blot

Question 15

In a Western Blot, which proteins will move further?

Answer 15

little proteins move faster and further than larger proteins

Question 16

What type of information does a Western Blot give us?

Answer 16

if turns color it tells us Ag is present

Question 17

What additional information do we learn from Western Blot that ELISA does not provide?

Answer 17

what protein it is–> if we know size of protein than we can gather which one it is from the Western Blot