Exam 2 Definitions Deck 3

Question 0

Palatopharyngolaryngeal myoclonus

Answer 0

Lesion in dentate nucleus, red nucleus & inferior olive
Brainstem or cerebellar stroke
Pt complains of earclicks but not speech
Abrupt rhythmic or semi rhythmic movements of palate, pharynx, larynx, lips, nares, tongue, and respiratory muscles
Occasionally intermittent hypernasality

Question 1

Organic voice tremor

Answer 1

Focal hyperkinetic dysarthria
Gradual onset
Rhythmic, vertical laryngeal movements
Adductor & abductor oscillations of cords synchronous with voice tremor
Quavering, rhythmic, waxing/waning tremor most obvious on vowel prolongation
Possible voice arrests

Question 2

Palilalia

Answer 2

Compulsive repetition of one’s own words/phrases

Often associated with PD

Question 3

Persistent Vegetative State

Answer 3

Like coma, but sleep-wake cycle preserved
When awake, don’t respond meaningfully to external stimuli
Preservation of Brainstem functions but not cortical functions
Etiology: TBI, anoxia, drug toxicity, Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Question 4

Poliomyositis

Answer 4

Disease of striated muscle associated with infections

Question 5

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Answer 5

Paralysis of vertical gaze = distinguishing feature
Associated with neuronal atrophy, ventrical dilation, neurofibrillary tangles
Hypokinetic spastic ataxic dysarthria

Question 6

Pseudoforeign Accent

Answer 6

Neurological disease causes artic and prosodic changes perceived as foreign accent, but not entirely consistent with native speaker of language in question
Etiologies: CVA, TBI (usually L premotor or frontotemporal cortex)

Question 7

Psychogenic speech disorders

Answer 7

Speech disturbances that result from one or more type of psychological dysequilibrium that interfere with volitional control over any component of speech production

Question 8

Psychosomatic disorders

Answer 8

effects of psychological and sociocultural stress on physiology and biochemistry, resulting in organic disease

Question 9

Stress

Answer 9

state of physical and/or mental tension that alters equilibrium

Question 10

Tardive Dyskinesia

Answer 10

Abnormal, hyperkinetic, involuntary movements secondary to prolonged use of drugs, often antipsychotic or neuroleptic
 Orofacial findings: Involuntary movements of mouth, face, tongue, & jaw similar to dystonia & chorea
 Speech findings: Similar to dystonia & chorea

Question 11

Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron Dysarthria

Answer 11

 Lesion often in internal capsule, corona radiate, or frontal lobe, sometimes in Brain stem
• Unilateral central facial weakness
• Unilateral lingual weakness
• Rarely more than mildly diminished intelligibility beyond acute period
• Respiration/phonation: Sometimes harshness/hoarseness, Occasionally reduced loudness
 Imprecise articulation
o Some have irregular artic breakdowns
 Slow rate, slow AMRs

Question 12

Wilson’s Disease

Answer 12

Genetic metabolic disorder caused by inadequate dietary processing of copper
o Hypokinetic-spastic-flaccid dysarthria