Exam 2 Definitions Flashcards
ALS
Progressive degenerative disease of UMN & LMN
Spastic-Flaccid Dysarthria
Akinetic Mutism
Extreme abulic state
Lack of initiative in thought, speech, physical action, and affective expression
Anarthria
Speechlessness secondary to severe loss of neuromuscular control over speech musculature
Anoxic Encephalopathy
Brain damage due to lack of oxygen
Damage to cells and fibers in globus pallidus, hippocampus, deep folia in cerebellum, deep layers of cerebral cortex (especially parietal and occipital lobes)
Most common etiology of Action Myoclonus
Bi-opercular Syndrome
Hypotonicity of speech & facial musculature
Preserved reflexive cough & yawn
Preserved facial emotions
Mutism
Dysphagia
May have preserved limb movement
Etiology: bilateral damage to rolandic operculum
Chorea
Rapid, unsustained, unpredictable movements
Worse during movement than at rest
Coma
State of unresponsive ness
Absence of sleep/wake cycles
Etiologies: TBI/CVA
Conversion disorder
Physical symptoms for which there is no demonstrable organic basis
Dystonia
Movement disorder; slower than chorea
Slow, waxing/waning movements at one or more levels
Usually present at rest & during sustained postures, sometimes only during speech
May improve with sensory “tricks”
Echolalia
Unsolicited repetition of another’s utterance
Associated with dementias, stroke, MR, autism
Diffuse cortical pathology
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
Heterogenous disorder including multiple motor tics
Onset before 21
May be accompanied by: OCD, ADHD, Stuttering, Dyslexia, panic attacks, phobias, depression, mania
Coughing, grunting, throat clearing
Sniffing
Humming, whistling, lip smacking, echolalia, palilalia, coprolalia
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Demyelinization of spinal & cranial nerves
