exam 2 define Flashcards
Traits and their hierarchical organization
Each trait in the B5 is a superfactor and has 6 facets
Each facet has 4? specific habits
Superfactor → facet → specific habit
Extraversion → sociability → smiles at strangers
Facets of openness
Fantasy, aesthetics, feelings, actions, ideas, values
FAFAIV
Facets of conscientiousness
Self-discipline, competence, order, dutifulness, achievement striving, deliberation
SCODAD
Facets of extraversion
Gregariousness, activity level, assertiveness, excitement seeking, positive emotions, warmth
GAAEPW
Facets of agreeableness
Straightforwardness, trust, altruism, modesty, tendermindedness, compliance
STAMTC
Facets of neuroticism
Anxiety, self-consciousness, depression, vulnerability, impulsiveness, hostility
ASDVIH
Lexical approach
Assumes that important personality concepts are in language, so personality reflects the superfactors of adjectives in language
Uses factor analysis
Used by Allport & Odbert
Factor analysis
Creates clusters/groups of similar/correlated traits
Reduces complexity + redundancy among traits to decrease the number of dimensions and create broader factors that summarize individual traits
Simplifies and makes concepts more parsimonious
Allport & Odbert
Used the lexical approach and found 18,000 person-descriptive English words in the dictionary and divided them into categories traits (5000), states, activities, and other (evaluations, skills, etc)
Father and critic of the B5
Cattell & the 16PF
Sorted 5000 traits using factor analysis and found 16 personality factors, but they were not replicable
Discredited scientifically, but still a pioneer in personality research
Allport’s 3 different kinds of traits
Cardinal, central, & unique traits
Cardinal trait
Fundamental, overarching trait that is so pervasive that virtually every behavior of an individual can be traced to its influence
Most important trait of a person’s personality (highest/lowest score on B5)
Ex: an extraverted person has many friends and a career in comedy because they like being around people
Studied by Allport
Central trait
General trait that can be found in most people in varying degrees
Not as influential as cardinal traits
Ex: everyone is honest to a degree
Studied by Allport
Unique trait
Trait that only 1 person uniquely has
Hard to find a truly unique trait for a single person
Ex: drink 3 glasses of water every morning when they wake up
Studied by Allport
Idiographic approach
Favored by Allport & existentialists because he thought 5 factors were not enough to capture the uniqueness of each individual and shit on factor analysis (garbo in, garbo out)
Nomothetic approach
Favored by Cattell, Norman, Goldberg, & Eysenck as they all used factor analysis to capture common traits that could apply to everyone
Eysenck’s 3-Factor Theory
Giant 3 superfactors
PEN = psychoticism (A- & C-), extraversion, neuroticism
Big butthurt because he thought the B5 stole E & N from him when he stole E from Jung
Argued that O is just IQ
A & C predict different things (likability & school performance, respectively)
OCEAN
Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
School performance is predicted by
O+ : enjoying learning leads to practicing more
C+ : staying focused, taking better notes, planning
Delinquency is predicted by
A- : don’t get along with peers, manipulative
C- : unmotivated, lazy, careless
Likeability is predicted by
A+ : cooperative, prosocial, kind, helpful, considerate
Longevity is predicted by
C+ : regularity of healthy habits (ex. Meds, exercise)
Number of sex partners is predicted by
E+ : meet more people by going to more places/events
Punctuality is predicted by
C+ : better at keeping up with schedule