Exam 2 Continued Flashcards
Low pressure baroreceptors located in
Atrial wall
Pulmonary A
Low pressure baroreceptor augment
Arterial baroreceptors
Low pressure baroreceptor minimize arterial pressure changes in response to
Blood volume changes
Baroreceptor reflex causes
Decreased HR
Increased urine production
You never buy beer, you merely
Rent it
Acute renal output curve due to
Effect of arterial pressure alone
Chronic renal output curve
Effect of arterial pressure plus SNS RAAS Aldosterone ADH ANP
___ releases ANP
Atrial wall
ANP targets
Kidney
Release of ANP causes
Fluid loss
Lose Na
Vasodilator
Increased ECF will cause
Arterial pressure to rise
Filtration occurs in
Glomerular capillaries
Reabsorption occurs in
Peritubular capillaries
Flow order in kidney
- Afferent arterioles
- Glomerular capillaries
- Efferent arterioles
- Peritubular capillaries
Slowest and strongest method to control arterial pressure
Renal fluid volume pressure control
Fastest method to control arterial pressure
Baroreceptor
Stress relaxation method to control arterial pressure mainly occurs in
Veins
Lowest gain of arterial pressure mechanism
Renting angiotensin vasoconstriction
Higher gain =
More effective control system
Kidney has ___ gain
Infinite
Hormones that decrease renal blood flow
NorEpi
Epi
Angiotensin 2
Hormones that increase renal blood flow
Prostaglandins
Dopamine
Tubuloglomerular feedback monitors
NaCl in macula densa of distal tubule
Low NaCl in macula densa stimulates ____ release from ____
Renin
Juxtaglomerular cells
Source of renin
Smooth muscle cells in Afferent arteriole
Renin release stimulated by
SNS Low NaCl to macula densa Thyroid hormone GH Low perfusion pressure
Renin catalyzes
Angiotensinogen (liver) —> angiotensin 1
Angiotensin 1 —> angiotensin 2 occurs primarily in
Lung
Organs playing role in RAAS
Liver
Kidney
Lungs
Hormones produced by kidney
Renin
EPO
Activated Vit D
Functions of angiotensin 2
+ aldosterone
+ ADH
+ kidney
Net effect to lower Na and water excretion to raise BP
+ drinking in hypothalamus
Most important job of kidney
Reabsorb Na
Tie 1 renal artery
HTN
No uremia
Tie 1 renal artery and remove kidney
No HTN
No uremia
Tie off and remove both kidneys
HTN
Uremia
Slow breathing increases arterial
Baroreflex sensitivity
Benefits of flow breathing
Improve resting O2 saturation
Improve exercise tolerance
Improve ventilation mismatch
Lower chemoreflex activation
Lower SNS
Lower SBP and DBP
NO from endothelium
Relaxes smooth muscle
___ may act at CNS; ___ may act centrally… both inhibit SNS
Serotonin
NO
Baroreceptors abundant in
Carotid sinus
Arch of aorta
Net effects of baroreceptor
Vasodilation
Decreased CO
___ is fetal organ of gas exchange
Placenta
Blood returns to fetus from placenta via
Umbilical vein
Ductus arteriosis goes with
SVC
Foramen ovale goes with
IVC
DA and FO all blood to bypass
Lungs
DV allow umbilical and portal blood to bypass
Liver
Highest O2 saturation in fetus
Umbilical vein 80%
Lowest O2 saturation in fetal blood
SVC 25%
Loss of blood flow through placenta doubles
Systemic vascular resistance
Right and left ventricle pump in ___ into aorta in fetus
Parallel
____ pulmonary blood flow in fetus
Very little
Blood returning from placenta via umbilical vein bypass liver and flow directly into
IVC via ductus Venosus
FO shunts most blood returning fo heart from IVC to
LA
DA shunts most blood returning to heart from SVC to
Aorta
In exercise, CO increases
5-6 fold
in exercise, low TPR due to
Vasodilation in active muscle due to local vasodilators
What falls in exercise
VO2
TPR
SNS effects in exercise
Vasoconstriction arterioles
Vasoconstriction veins
Increase HR
SNS stimulation due to
Cerebral cortex stimulation
Reflex signals form active joint proprioceptors
Local chemoreceptor signals
SNS indirectly induces local vasodilation in heart due to
Promoting release of adenosine
Pulmonary blood flow =
CO
Increase venous return during exercise due to
SNS constriction
Venous pump
Increase respiration
