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Phys 3 > Exam 2: Cont. > Flashcards

Exam 2: Cont. Flashcards

1
Q

Low pressure baroreceptors located in

A

Atrial wall

Pulmonary A

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2
Q

Low pressure baroreceptor augment

A

Arterial baroreceptors

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3
Q

Low pressure baroreceptor minimize arterial pressure changes in response to

A

Blood volume changes

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4
Q

Baroreceptor reflex causes

A

Decreased HR

Increased urine production

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5
Q

You never buy beer, you merely

A

Rent it

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6
Q

Acute renal output curve due to

A

Effect of arterial pressure alone

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7
Q

Chronic renal output curve

A 
Effect of arterial pressure plus
SNS
RAAS
Aldosterone
ADH
ANP
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8
Q

___ releases ANP

A

Atrial wall

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9
Q

ANP targets

A

Kidney

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10
Q

Release of ANP causes

A

Fluid loss
Lose Na
Vasodilator

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11
Q

Increased ECF will cause

A

Arterial pressure to rise

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12
Q

Filtration occurs in

A

Glomerular capillaries

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13
Q

Reabsorption occurs in

A

Peritubular capillaries

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14
Q

Flow order in kidney

A
  1. Afferent arterioles
  2. Glomerular capillaries
  3. Efferent arterioles
  4. Peritubular capillaries
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15
Q

Slowest and strongest method to control arterial pressure

A

Renal fluid volume pressure control

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16
Q

Fastest method to control arterial pressure

A

Baroreceptor

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17
Q

Stress relaxation method to control arterial pressure mainly occurs in

A

Veins

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18
Q

Lowest gain of arterial pressure mechanism

A

Renting angiotensin vasoconstriction

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19
Q

Higher gain =

A

More effective control system

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20
Q

Kidney has ___ gain

A

Infinite

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21
Q

Hormones that decrease renal blood flow

A

NorEpi
Epi
Angiotensin 2

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22
Q

Hormones that increase renal blood flow

A

Prostaglandins

Dopamine

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23
Q

Tubuloglomerular feedback monitors

A

NaCl in macula densa of distal tubule

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24
Q

Low NaCl in macula densa stimulates ____ release from ____

A

Renin

Juxtaglomerular cells

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25
Q

Source of renin

A

Smooth muscle cells in Afferent arteriole

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26
Q

Renin release stimulated by

A 
SNS
Low NaCl to macula densa 
Thyroid hormone 
GH
Low perfusion pressure
27
Q

Renin catalyzes

A

Angiotensinogen (liver) —> angiotensin 1

28
Q

Angiotensin 1 —> angiotensin 2 occurs primarily in

A

Lung

29
Q

Organs playing role in RAAS

A

Liver
Kidney
Lungs

30
Q

Hormones produced by kidney

A

Renin
EPO
Activated Vit D

31
Q

Functions of angiotensin 2

A

+ aldosterone
+ ADH
+ kidney

Net effect to lower Na and water excretion to raise BP

+ drinking in hypothalamus

32
Q

Most important job of kidney

A

Reabsorb Na

33
Q

Tie 1 renal artery

A

HTN

No uremia

34
Q

Tie 1 renal artery and remove kidney

A

No HTN

No uremia

35
Q

Tie off and remove both kidneys

A

HTN

Uremia

36
Q

Slow breathing increases arterial

A

Baroreflex sensitivity

37
Q

Benefits of flow breathing

A

Improve resting O2 saturation

Improve exercise tolerance

Improve ventilation mismatch

Lower chemoreflex activation

Lower SNS

Lower SBP and DBP

38
Q

NO from endothelium

A

Relaxes smooth muscle

39
Q

___ may act at CNS; ___ may act centrally… both inhibit SNS

A

Serotonin

NO

40
Q

Baroreceptors abundant in

A

Carotid sinus

Arch of aorta

41
Q

Net effects of baroreceptor

A

Vasodilation

Decreased CO

42
Q

___ is fetal organ of gas exchange

A

Placenta

43
Q

Blood returns to fetus from placenta via

A

Umbilical vein

44
Q

Ductus arteriosis goes with

A

SVC

45
Q

Foramen ovale goes with

A

IVC

46
Q

DA and FO all blood to bypass

A

Lungs

47
Q

DV allow umbilical and portal blood to bypass

A

Liver

48
Q

Highest O2 saturation in fetus

A

Umbilical vein 80%

49
Q

Lowest O2 saturation in fetal blood

A

SVC 25%

50
Q

Loss of blood flow through placenta doubles

A

Systemic vascular resistance

51
Q

Right and left ventricle pump in ___ into aorta in fetus

A

Parallel

52
Q

____ pulmonary blood flow in fetus

A

Very little

53
Q

Blood returning from placenta via umbilical vein bypass liver and flow directly into

A

IVC via ductus Venosus

54
Q

FO shunts most blood returning fo heart from IVC to

A

LA

55
Q

DA shunts most blood returning to heart from SVC to

A

Aorta

56
Q

In exercise, CO increases

A

5-6 fold

57
Q

in exercise, low TPR due to

A

Vasodilation in active muscle due to local vasodilators

58
Q

What falls in exercise

A

VO2

TPR

59
Q

SNS effects in exercise

A

Vasoconstriction arterioles

Vasoconstriction veins

Increase HR

60
Q

SNS stimulation due to

A

Cerebral cortex stimulation

Reflex signals form active joint proprioceptors

Local chemoreceptor signals

61
Q

SNS indirectly induces local vasodilation in heart due to

A

Promoting release of adenosine

62
Q

Pulmonary blood flow =

A

CO

63
Q

Increase venous return during exercise due to

A

SNS constriction

Venous pump

Increase respiration

Phys 3 (8 decks)

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