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Phys 3 > Exam 2: circulation > Flashcards

Exam 2: circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Main function of systemic circulation

A

Deliver oxygen, nutrients to tissues and remove CO2 and waste

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2
Q

Systemic arteries carry blood under _____ out to tissue beds

A

High pressure

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3
Q

Arterioles and pre capillary sphincters act as

A

Control valves to regulate local flow

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4
Q

___ one cell layer thick

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

Functional unit of circulatory system

A

Capillaries

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6
Q

Capillaries exchange between

A

Tissues and blood

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7
Q

Venues collect blood from

A

Capillaries

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8
Q

Systemic veins return blood and act as

A

Dynamic storage

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9
Q

Blood flow proportional to ____ EXCEPT in ___

A

Metabolic demand

Lungs

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10
Q

Cardiac output controlled by

A

Local systemic tissue flow

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11
Q

Arterial pressure control ____ of local flow or cardiac output

A

Independent

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12
Q

Composition of aorta

A

Elastic tissue > fibrous tissue> smooth muscle

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13
Q

Composition of typical artery

A

Smooth muscle > elastic tissue > fibrous tissue

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14
Q

Composition of vein

A

Elastic tissue = smooth muscle = fibrous tissue

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15
Q

Composition of capillary

A

Only endothelium

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16
Q

At a given flow, greater drop in P in a segment =

A

Greater resistance to flow

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17
Q

Greatest resistant to flow occurs in

A

Pre-capillary resistance vessels

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18
Q

Systemic circulation is predominantly a

A

Parallel circuit

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19
Q

Advantages of parallel circuit

A
  1. Independence of local flow control
  2. Minimize total peripheral resistance
  3. Oxygen rich blood supply to every tissue
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20
Q

Total vascular resistance equal to

A

Sum of total pulmonic resistance + total peripheral resistance

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21
Q

Viscosity of blood

A

3

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22
Q

Viscosity of blood due to

A

RBCs

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23
Q

Viscosity of plasma

A

1.5

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24
Q

Viscosity of water

A

1

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25
Q

Velocity decrease =

A

Increase viscosity

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26
Q

___ increases flexibility of RBC’s and is 3rd most abundant protein in plasma

A

Fibrinogen

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27
Q

Cells line up in small vessels, which ____

A

Decreases viscosity

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28
Q

Normal range of hematocrit

A

38%-45%

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29
Q

Laminar flow

A

Streamline
Silent
Most efficient
Normal

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30
Q

Turbulent flow

A

Cross mixing
Vibrational noise
Least efficient
Associated with disease

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31
Q

A vessel may be occluded ____ before problems occur

A

75%

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32
Q

R < 2000, flow usually

A

Laminar

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33
Q

R > 3000, flow usually

A

Turbulent

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34
Q

Broad band associated with

A

Turbulent flow

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35
Q

Narrow band associated with

A

Laminar flow

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36
Q

RBCs moving forward transmitter compress sound waves and cause

A

Increase in frequency of returning waves

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37
Q

Distensibility

A

Ability of vessel to stretch

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38
Q

Compliance

A

Ability of vessel to stretch and hold volume

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39
Q

____ are more compliant and distensible

A

Veins

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40
Q

Systemic arteries, small change in volume associated with

A

Large change in pressure

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41
Q

Systemic veins, large change in volume associated with

A

Small change in pressure

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42
Q

Short term control of blood flow involves

A

Vasodilation

Vasoconstriction

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43
Q

Long term control of blood flow involves

A

Changes in tissue vascularity

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44
Q

Release of PGI2

A

Inhibit platelet aggregation

Relax vascular smooth muscle

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45
Q

Release NO

A

Vasodilator

46
Q

Release of endothelin

A

Constricts vascular smooth muscle

47
Q

Bulk of exchange occurs where

48
Q

Vasomotion

A

Intermittent contraction of metarterioles and precapillary sphincters

49
Q

Mechanisms of exchange

A

Diffusion
Ultrafiltration
Vesicular Transport

50
Q

Oxygen uptake equal to

A

Product of flow X arterial-venous oxygen difference

51
Q

Functional flow

A

Associated with increased oxygen uptake

52
Q

Nonnutritive flow increase associated with

A

Shunting of blood through bed

53
Q

Arterioles have what receptors

54
Q

Local vasodilator therory

A

Active tissue release local vasodilator which release vascular smooth muscle

55
Q

Autoregulation

A

Ability to keep blood flow constant in face of changing arterial BP

56
Q

Flow proportion to

A

Metabolic demand

57
Q

SNS can either be angiogenic via ___ or cause vasoconstriction

58
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure function of

A

Protein concentration

59
Q

Primary plasma protein

60
Q

3 most abundant plasma proteins

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Globulins
  3. Fibrinogen
61
Q

Hydrostatic P gradient favors

A

Filtration

62
Q

Colloid osmotic P favors

A

Reabsorption

63
Q

Dominant colloid

64
Q

Donnan effect

A

Increases colloid osmotic effect

65
Q

Leakiest capillary walls present in

66
Q

Tightest capillary walls

67
Q

Reflection coefficient reflects

A

How readily protein can cross capillary wall

68
Q

RC = 0

A

All colloid proteins freely cross wall

None reflected

No colloid effect

69
Q

RC = 1

A

All colloid proteins reflected

None cross capillary wall

Full colloid effect

70
Q

Right lymph duct drains

A

Right side of head, neck, right arm, part of chest

71
Q

____ drains lower body, L side head, L arm, part of chest

A

Thoracic duct

72
Q

No true lymphatic vessels found in superficial skin, _____ and bones

A

Endomysium of muscle

73
Q

True lymphatic vessels discovered in

A

CNS near dural venous sinuses

74
Q

2/3 of all lymph from

A

Liver and intestines

75
Q

Lymph nodes lined with

A

Macrophages

76
Q

Greater than half of TPR is at

A

Systemic arterioles

77
Q

Small horses

78
Q

How do palpate mare ovaries

A

Palpate through rectal canal

79
Q

How low pressure falls is dependent on

A

Cycle length

TPR

80
Q

Increase CL will ___ DBP

81
Q

Increase TPR will ___ DBP

82
Q

Receptor for NorEpi

83
Q

Gold and grey

A

Colors of Lou’s middle school

84
Q

Increase in TPR causes decrease in

85
Q

Constriction of veins increases

A

Venous return

86
Q

3 exceptions from SNS causing vasoconstriction

A

Brain
Lungs
Heart

87
Q

1987

A

Last time Lou could beat students

88
Q

Vascular tone is proportional to

89
Q

SNS stimulates arterioles to

A

Increase critical closing pressure

90
Q

If cardiac output is stopped, arterial pressure will

A

Fall and venous pressure will rise

91
Q

MCFP is responsible for

A

Pressure gradient driving peripheral venous return

92
Q

At a given MCFP, as central venous pressure rises,

A

Venous return falls

93
Q

If MCPF = CVP..

A

Venous return goes to 0

94
Q

As central venous pressure increases..

A

CO increases due to both intrinsic and extrinsic effects

95
Q

Central venous pressure =

A

Right atrial pressure

96
Q

Vasomotor center

A

Collection of neurons in MO and pons

97
Q

Vasomotor center works through

98
Q

4 major regions of vasomotor center

A
  1. Pressure center
  2. Depressor center
  3. Sensory area
  4. Cardioinhibitory area
99
Q

Pressor center increases

A

BP via stimulation of SNS

100
Q

Depressor center decreases

101
Q

Sensory area mediates

A

Baroreceptor reflex

102
Q

Cardioinhibitory area stimulates

103
Q

Pressor center aka

A

Vasoconstrictor center C1

104
Q

Pressor center located

A

Anterolateral portions of upper MO

105
Q

Effects of pressor center

A

Vasoconstriction

Stimulate cardiac activity

106
Q

Pressor center is ___active

107
Q

Depressor center aka

A

Vasodilator area A1

108
Q

Effects of depressor center

A

Vasodilation

Decreased cardiac activity

109
Q

Sensory area A2 located

A

Posterolateral portion of pons and MO

In nucleus tractus solitarius

110
Q

Depressor center located

A

Anterolateral lower MO

111
Q

Sensory area A2 receive input from

A

CN 9 and 10

112
Q

Sensory area A2 mediates

A

Baroreceptor reflex

Inhibits pressure center
Lowers BP

Phys 3 (8 decks)

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