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Cell Phys. > Exam 2 Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Double helix held together by:

A

Phosphodiester bond

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2
Q

Proteins break open helix for synthesis:

A

Replication fork

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3
Q
  • 2 strands in double helix run in opposite direction

- Double helix held together by noncovalent interactions

A

Antiparallel

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4
Q
  • Hydrogen bonds

- Hydrophobic interactions

A

Non-covalent interactions

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5
Q

Phosphodiester bond

A
  • Links nucleotide bases together

- Hydroxyl group on 1 base binds w/ phosphate on adjacent base

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6
Q

Semidiscontinuous process

A
  • New DNA always synthesized in 5’—3’

- Parental strand read 3’—5’

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7
Q

Leading strand of the Semidiscontinuous process

A

Continuously synthesized from 5’—3’

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8
Q

Lagging strand of the Semidiscontinuous process

A

Synthesized from 5’—3’ but discontinuous = okazaki fragments

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9
Q

Each daughter cell contains 1 parent strand + 1 new strand

A

Semiconservative

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10
Q
  • starts at several points

- Replication ‘bubble’ is formed

A

Bidirectional w/ multiple origins

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11
Q

DNA helicases

A
  • Unwind parental DNA double helix

- Require ATP to form the replication fork

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12
Q
  • Begin RNA synthesis for ‘priming’ DNA synthesis
A

DNA primases

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13
Q

Single-stranded DNA binding proteins

A

Prevents premature binding & winding of DNA

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14
Q

DNA ligase

A
  • JOins nucleotides in fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds
  • Requires ATP
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15
Q

Facilitates unwinding of double helix during replication & transcription to release torsional stress

A

Topoisomerases

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16
Q

Topoisomerases 1

A

breaks 1 DNA strand & then rejoins

17
Q

Topoisomerases 2

A

Breaks both strand & the rejoins

18
Q
  • Internal, spontaneous

- due to errors in DNA replication

A

Endogenous mutations

19
Q

Exogenous mutations

A
  • Environmental

- ionizing raditation, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, free radicals, chemotherapy

20
Q
  • Most common genetic variation
  • Commonly found in DNA b/t genes
  • Can influence disease
A

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

21
Q

Removes mutations formed by UVlight & environmental chemicals

A

Nucleotide excision repair

Cell Phys. (6 decks)

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