Exam 1 Stem Cells

Question 1

Stem Cells

Answer 1

• Can develop into a whole organism
• Able to self renew
• Generate daughter cells that can differentiate into many specialized cells
• Exist in both embryos & adult tissue

Question 2

Stem cell are:

Answer 2

• Totipotent
• Pluripotent
• Multipotent
• Unipotent

Question 3

Potential of a SINGLE cell to develop into an entire organism

Answer 3

Totipotent

Question 4

Ability to develop into ALL cell types of the body, but NOT supporting structures (placenta, amnion)

Answer 4

Pluripotent

Question 5

Ability to give rise to a SMALL number of DIFFERENT cell types

Answer 5

Multipotent

Question 6

Capacity to give rise to a SINGLE CELL type

Answer 6

Unipotent

Question 7

Able to differentiate into MANY cell types:

Answer 7

Plasticity

Question 8

Pluripotent Stem Cells

Answer 8

• Found in early embryos

- Able to differentiate into MANY cell types = plasticity

Question 9

Hematopoietic stem cells
Skin stem cells 
Neural stem cells
Epithelial stem cells
Mesenchymal stem cells are examples of:

Answer 9

Multipotent Stem Cells (Adult)

Question 10

Blood cells, red blood cells, B lymphocytes, lymphocytes, natural killer cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages

Answer 10

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Question 11

Epidermis, keratinocytes, hair follicles

Answer 11

Skin stem cells

Question 12

Neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes

Answer 12

Neural stem cells

Question 13

Digestive tract lining: absorptive cells, goblet cells, paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells

Answer 13

Epithelial stem cells

Question 14

• Originally found in bone marrow
• Also located in adipose tissue, nervous system, skin, tendon, ligaments, synovial membranes, muscle, trabecular bone
• Give rise to osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes & other connective tissue

Answer 14

Mesnchymal Stem Cells

Question 15

Unipotent

Answer 15

• Able to differentiate into 1 type of cell

Question 16

Daughter cells from same replication have different fates

Answer 16

Asymmetric Cell Division

Question 17

Dysregulation of asymmetric cell division leads to_____

Answer 17

Cancer

Question 18

• Microenvironment that controls stem cell self-renewal
• Prevents stem cells from becoming depleted or overproduced
• Controlled by extrinsic & intrinsic signaling

Answer 18

Stem Cell Niche

Question 19

• Extrinsic signaling

- Intrinsic mechanisms

Answer 19

Stem Cell Niche - Self renewal

Question 20

Extrinsic signaling

Answer 20

• Controlled by interaction w/ the extracellular matrix (ECM)
• Stem cells directly contacting the ECM are preserved
• Stem cells outside of direct contact will differentiate

Question 21

Related to spindle orientation for proper mitosis

Answer 21

Intrinsic mechanisms

Question 22

Use of stem cells to treat the following conditions:

Answer 22

Parkinson’s disease, Type 1 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, spinal cord injury, burns, heart disease, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis

Question 23

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)

Answer 23

Reprogramming of adult cells into pluripotency by introducing genes that encode specific transcription factors.