Exam #2 Chapter #6 Flashcards
Arteries: carry blood, where?
away from heart
Capillaries are the site of ?
nutrient and waste exchange
Veins: carry blood where?
from venules back to heart
The (blank) are the receiving chambers
Atria
The (blank #1) receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the (blank #2) and the (blank #3) pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the (blank #4).
- Right Atrium
- SVC/IVC
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonary trunk (artery)
The (blank #1) receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the ( blank #2) and the (blank #3) pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the (blank #4)
- LA
- Pulmonary Veins
- LV
- Ascending/Descending Aorta
The (blank #1) is a double-walled sac that surrounds the heart
Pericardium
The (blank #1) has the thickest myocardial tissue due to (blank #2).
- Left Ventricle
- Hypertrophy
(Blank) is an oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells
Hemoglobin
Write out the blood flow through the heart, including the major arteries and veins, chambers, valves, and delivery location
Deoxygenated blood goes through -> SVC/IVC -> RA -> RV -> Pulmonary trunk -> filters to lungs for oxygenation -> oxygenated blood goes through -> LA -> LV -> Aorta (descending/ascending)
Tricuspid valve - located between RA/RV, Pulmonary valve - located between Pulmonary artery/RV, Mitral (bicuspid) valve - located between LA/LV, and Aortic valve - located between Aorta/LV.
Define cardiac output
Amount of blood pumped out each minute
Stroke volume
Amount of blood pumped out each beat
Ejection Fraction
% of blood pumped out of LV
T/F The AV node is the pacemaker of the heart.
False, The SA node is the pacemaker of the heart
Why does the AV node delay the signal before it is relayed to the ventricles?
So that blood has time to fill the ventricles before it is pumped out of them
Vagal tone means that the heart is under (blank #1) control
parasympathetic
Why is HR higher in individuals who have had a heart transplant?
They lose nervous stimulation to the heart so they are always at the intrinsic HR of 100 BPM.
Explain the role of the PSNS and the SNS in regulating heart rate as we transition from rest to exercise
When at rest, under parasympathetic control (HR to drop) –> As I begin exercise, decrease in parasympathetic activity (allow HR to rise) –> 100 bpm I am under 100% sympathetic control.
T/F During ventricular diastole, ventricular pressure rises Ventricular pressure will drop
False
T/F During ventricular diastole, the atrioventricular (Tricuspid/mitral) valves open
True
T/F During ventricular systole, ventricular pressure rises
True
T/F During ventricular systole, semilunar (Pulmonary/aortic) valves open
True
Explain the control of local circulation.
when muscles and organs can intrinsically control blood flow in order to meet their metabolic needs.
Explain intrinsic control of blood flow in detail
Metabolic mechanisms (VD)
Buildup of local metabolic by-products
O2
CO2, K+, H+, lactic acid
Endothelial mechanisms (mostly VD)
Substances secreted by vascular endothelium
Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins, EDHF
Baroreceptor response to high blood pressure
Lower blood pressure and cause vasodilation
Baroreceptor response to low blood pressure
Raise blood pressure and cause vasoconstriction
