Exam #2 Chapter #6

Question 1

Arteries: carry blood, where?

Answer 1

away from heart

Question 2

Capillaries are the site of ?

Answer 2

nutrient and waste exchange

Question 3

Veins: carry blood where?

Answer 3

from venules back to heart

Question 4

The (blank) are the receiving chambers

Answer 4

Atria

Question 5

The (blank #1) receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the (blank #2) and the (blank #3) pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the (blank #4).

Answer 5

1. Right Atrium
2. SVC/IVC
3. Right ventricle
4. Pulmonary trunk (artery)

Question 6

The (blank #1) receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the ( blank #2) and the (blank #3) pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the (blank #4)

Answer 6

1. LA
2. Pulmonary Veins
3. LV
4. Ascending/Descending Aorta

Question 7

The (blank #1) is a double-walled sac that surrounds the heart

Answer 7

Pericardium

Question 8

The (blank #1) has the thickest myocardial tissue due to (blank #2).

Answer 8

1. Left Ventricle
2. Hypertrophy

Question 9

(Blank) is an oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells

Answer 9

Hemoglobin

Question 10

Write out the blood flow through the heart, including the major arteries and veins, chambers, valves, and delivery location

Answer 10

Deoxygenated blood goes through -> SVC/IVC -> RA -> RV -> Pulmonary trunk -> filters to lungs for oxygenation -> oxygenated blood goes through -> LA -> LV -> Aorta (descending/ascending)
Tricuspid valve - located between RA/RV, Pulmonary valve - located between Pulmonary artery/RV, Mitral (bicuspid) valve - located between LA/LV, and Aortic valve - located between Aorta/LV.

Question 11

Define cardiac output

Answer 11

Amount of blood pumped out each minute

Question 12

Stroke volume

Answer 12

Amount of blood pumped out each beat

Question 13

Ejection Fraction

Answer 13

% of blood pumped out of LV

Question 14

T/F The AV node is the pacemaker of the heart.

Answer 14

False, The SA node is the pacemaker of the heart

Question 15

Why does the AV node delay the signal before it is relayed to the ventricles?

Answer 15

So that blood has time to fill the ventricles before it is pumped out of them

Question 16

Vagal tone means that the heart is under (blank #1) control

Answer 16

parasympathetic

Question 17

Why is HR higher in individuals who have had a heart transplant?

Answer 17

They lose nervous stimulation to the heart so they are always at the intrinsic HR of 100 BPM.

Question 18

Explain the role of the PSNS and the SNS in regulating heart rate as we transition from rest to exercise

Answer 18

When at rest, under parasympathetic control (HR to drop) –> As I begin exercise, decrease in parasympathetic activity (allow HR to rise) –> 100 bpm I am under 100% sympathetic control.

Question 19

T/F During ventricular diastole, ventricular pressure rises Ventricular pressure will drop

Answer 19

False

Question 20

T/F During ventricular diastole, the atrioventricular (Tricuspid/mitral) valves open

Answer 20

True

Question 21

T/F During ventricular systole, ventricular pressure rises

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F During ventricular systole, semilunar (Pulmonary/aortic) valves open

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Explain the control of local circulation.

Answer 23

when muscles and organs can intrinsically control blood flow in order to meet their metabolic needs.

Question 24

Explain intrinsic control of blood flow in detail

Answer 24

Metabolic mechanisms (VD)
Buildup of local metabolic by-products
O2
CO2, K+, H+, lactic acid
Endothelial mechanisms (mostly VD)
Substances secreted by vascular endothelium
Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins, EDHF

Question 25

Baroreceptor response to high blood pressure

Answer 25

Lower blood pressure and cause vasodilation

Question 26

Baroreceptor response to low blood pressure

Answer 26

Raise blood pressure and cause vasoconstriction