Exam 2: Chapter 5 Flashcards
Development of independence is the period of time from __(1)__ to __(2)__
- Physical care
- Self care & social compliance
Erickson development includes what 2 stages?
- autonomy vs doubt
- initiative vs guilt
Autonomy vs doubt develops during what age?
2-3 yrs old (toddler stage)
Initiative vs guilt develops during what age?
3-5 yrs old (preschool stage)
Do girls or Boys develop gross and fine motor skill first?
Girls develop gross and fine motor skills slightly before boys
Gross motor skills include (4)
running
jumping
walking
kicking
(involves the large muscles in the arms, legs and torso)
Fine motor skills include (4)
building towers
zipping up a jacket
turning doorknobs
brushing teeth
(the ability to make movements using the small muscles in our hands and wrists.)
Name 2 examples of biophysical strengths during early childhood
- physical play
- nutrition
what is the leading cause of chronic diseases in children?
Asthma
What is the most common biophysical hazard in early childhood
ASTHMA
Piaget pre-operational stage includes (2)
- symbolic function
- Intuitive Thought
During the symbolic function stage children can …
mentally represent object
What is an example of the symbolic function stage during early childhood?
playing house
what is Egocentrism during early childhood?
when children cannot distinguish other perspective from there own
what test was done to show that during the ages of 2-4 children show egocentrism behavior?
the three mountain problem
The psychological dimension of early childhood includes (2)
- Piaget pre-operational stage
- information processing
Intuitive thought =
primitive reasoning but not form logic
(thinking is based on immediate perceptions of the environment and the child’s own viewpoint)
During the intuitive thought stage children will
ask “how” & “why” multiple times
( a 1st grader will ask what is that green thing in the spaghetti, why is it there, why does it taste like that, and on and on)
Information Processing is when children are
learning to attend to RELEVANT INFORMATION
Memory during early childhood =
problems with storage rather than retrieval
infantile anemia
no memory before age 3
What is emotional coaching?
process by which a parent or caregiver assist a child in recognizing his/ hers emotions and then uses the experience as a way for the child to learn about themselves and to problem solve
what are the 5 stages of emotional regulation/ coaching?
- Awareness: become aware of the child’s emotions
- Recognize/ Teach: recognize the emotion as an opportunity for intimacy & teaching
- Listen/ Validate: listen empathically, validating the child’s feelings
- Help & Label: help the child find words to label the emotions he is having.
- Set limits/ Solve: Set limits, while exploring strategies to solve the problem at hand
fears =
greater imagination with symbolic thought
what can increase the risk of aggression in children
hazardous substances during pregnancy
At what age does agression peak
age 4
aggression in children can be a way of
asserting themselves
Sharing =
by 4 years have empathic sharing, but motivated as a means of getting their way
What are 4 ways in which caregivers can decrease aggression?
- ignoring
- using time out
- modeling & coaching
- creating non-aggressive environment
What 3 categories do disorders fall in?
- developmental delays
- developmental disorders
- developmental psychopathy
developmental delays
slowed rate of skill acquisition
developmental disorders
disruption in the performance of skill
(ex: ADD, autism)
developmental psychopathy
healthy adaptation is impeded
(ex: anxiety, depression)
What is ADHD?
persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity
what is the most common childhood behavioral disorder?
ADHD
What is Autism?
pervasive difficulties in social communication and interaction across multiple settings that impair functioning
Authoritarian Parents are described as (2)
- Restrictive, punitive style
- Low in warmth
Authoritative Parents are described as (2)
- negotiation
- high in warmth
A permissive parent is described as
- has lack of control
- may be VERY involved or uninvolved
- the “friend” parent
what are the consequences to a child with permissive parents?
poor social & cognitive capabilities
low self control
what are some characteristics of authoritative parents? (5)
- nuturning
- affectionate
- sets boundaries
- disciplines through guidance
- open communication
What are some characteristics of authoritarian parents? (4)
- stricts
- inflexible
- high expectations
- punishes rather than disciplines
A tiger mom is described as a __(1)__ parent
authoritarian
A parent who takes the role of friend rather than parent is referred as a __(1)___ parent
permissive
what are some characteristics of permissive parents? (3)
few or inconsistent boundaries
nuturing
affectionate
a parent that is emotionally detached, self-absorbed, inconsistent or no boundaries, and little interaction.
uninvolved parents
what are the 5 forms of abused?
- physical abuse
- sexual
- physical neglect
- educational neglect
- psychological abuse
physical abuse in infancy include
head trauma
