EXAM 2 Chapter 3 Part 2: Stages of Sleep and Sleep Disorders Flashcards
Why do we sleep?
- we don’t know!
- Maybe its adaptive, suppose to have period of time to conserve energy and time to use energy; Adaptive to night time to be able to see things better(connects back to hunting/gathering)
Can contradict an adaptation to see better at night
Thoughts this could connect to body repairing itself at a time we are not active; Some type of action occurring since sleep makes us feel better after waking up; Studies show that the amount of activity that does not effect the amount of sleep you get(seen between groups of very active, active, and doing nothing/not active)
Adenosine
chemical building up in brain that makes you tired; (Caffeine BLOCKS adenosine, can have a build up through tolerance because of it being homeostatic machine)
EEG machine
measures eletrical activity through surface of your brain
EOG machine
electrode, next to each eye; detect if muscles in eyes get activated
EMG machine
electrode on arm/legs of patient; can tell when muscles in arms and legs are active(are you moving around in sleep? Very still?)
Waves of Higher level consciousness
Alert, attentive actively thinking; “Beta Waves”; Waves so small/close together; Lots of neurons firing right now, lots of activity in brain
Waves of Lower level Consciousness
- Relaxed, but awake-daydremaing
- “Alpha Waves”
o Waves a little slower/farther apart
o Less neurons working through brain activity
Stage 1 of Sleep
- Stage between being awake and asleep
- Drowsy sleep, easily woken up, “head nod”, myoclonic jerks
- IT IS DIFFERENT THAN BEING AWAKE, since we begin to see “theta waves”
- (**Brain awareness of dream: pain incorporated in dream that is happening in real life)
- Can still be doing tasks while in this stage; just not coherent exactly
o Example: having conversation while falling asleep
Myoclonic Jerks
neck muscle relaxing and brain interprets that as falling, so jerks you awake
Stage 2 of sleep
- Decreased muscle activity, low sensitivity, and irregular EEG patterns
- Not moving around as much
- Not as easily woken up, less than stage 1
- Mostly Theta waves, but also
o Sleep Spindles: sudden burst of energy during waves in brain
o K complexes: unique to stage 2, not seen in other parts of sleep, sudden “lightning bolt” in sleep
Stage 3 and 4 of Sleep
- Deep sleep
- Difficult to rouse
- Restorative
- “Delta waves”
- “slow-wave” sleep
- When woken up during this, will be angry because of the grogginess of deep sleep
- Waking up naturally causes sleep that makes you feel well rested
- different them REM sleep
REM sleep
Rapid Eye Movement: brain pattern similar to those with relaxed wakefulness
- Eyes moving back and forth during sleep
- Desynchronized “Alpha” and “theta” waves
- Looks like waves of someone who is actually awake
Characteristics of REM sleep
- Rapid Eye Movement(EOG)
- Skeletal muscle paralysis(EMG)
o Completely relaxed muscles(arms, legs)
o Not affecting smooth muscles(like with your heart beating, breathing) - Dreaming
Insomnia
inability to fall asleep, waking in the night, or waking up too early
- More frequent as you age
- Increase of Arousal decreases likelihood to sleep
o Anxiety/excited about an event can cause less sleep - Ways to help: find ways to relax brain, like music or less screens before bed
Sleep Apnea
individuals stop breathing while asleep(Soft palate flap opens and closes airway, Affected in way to affect breathing); Can start with snoring(Snoring shows affect of smoothness to crackling in snoring to get body to breathe again during sleep); C-Pap machine helps with this sleep problem/breathing problem
Sleep Walking/Talking
Somnambulism, Occurs during slow-wave sleep; Weird things that make sense in the instance of the dream(Sharks being on one side of the bed, Moving out of a room since part of a dream is loud in that room; More frequent in children but grow out of it; Can happen with lots of overly tiredness
Night Terrors
sudden arousal from sleep accompanied by intense fear and blood-curdling screaming; Typically occur in children
Different than nightmares; nightmares are dreams while night terrors are parts of the body circuits dealing with sleep(body transitioning from different stages of sleep)
Body may interpret panic if reaching less deep sleep too quickly(heart rate increasing)
Narcolepsy
a REM sleep disorder involving sudden, overwhelming urge to sleep; Different than sleeping when bored is YOU CANNOT FIGHT NARCOLEPSY, urge is so overwhelming; When not giving in, body will give them “micro sleeps”; Body immediately goes in REM sleep
REM sleep disorder a bit more rare; can run in families
Cataplexy
Tends to occur in people who have Narcolepsy, usually accompany each other but do not have to; Paralysis that accompanies REM sleep is suddenly activated while person is awake; Usually occurs with extreme emotions(Suddenly excited, emotional, scared, startled, funny)
Sleep Paralysis
the normal paralysis of REM sleep continues after the person wakes up; Can have dream induced hallucination from it; Stuck for just a few seconds, but can be longer; Often happens in college students
REM Behavior Disorder
mechanism controlling paralysis during REM sleep fails to work properly; individual will act out their dreams, Can be quite dangerous; (almost like they believe it is actually happening and body is awake, more purposeful movement connected to the dream)
Non-specific sleep disorders
Insomnia and Sleep Apnea
Slow-wave Sleep Disorders
Sleep Talking, Sleep Walking, and Night Terrors
REM Sleep
Narcolepsy, Cataplexy, Sleep Paralysis, REM Behavior Disorder
