EXAM 2- Cell signaling

Question 1

Paracrine signaling

Answer 1

cell produces a signal to make the cells change behavior. (EX: When a wound occurs and cells divide to form a scab)

Question 2

Endocrine Signaling

Answer 2

a process that uses hormones to communicate between cells in different parts of the body (EX: Produced by the pancreas, insulin helps maintain blood sugar levels by causing target cells to absorb more sugar from the blood)

Question 3

Signal transduction

Answer 3

a cell receives and responds to chemical or physical signals from outside the cell

Question 4

Synaptic Signaling

Answer 4

neurons communicate with each other or target cells at the synapse, the junction point between two cells

Question 5

Direct contact signaling

Answer 5

a method of cell communication where cells directly touch each other to transmit signals,

Question 6

Kinase

Answer 6

an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a specified molecule.

Question 7

TYPES OF RECEPTORS: Ion Channel

Answer 7

In cell membrane, closes and opens ion channels to allow ion flow

Question 8

TYPES OF RECEPTORS: G-protein

Answer 8

In cell membrane, G protein is acivated, then activates enzyme, then 2nd messenger activated, signal starts

Question 9

TYPES OF RECEPTORS: Enzymatic

Answer 9

In cell membrane, Lingad binding to form active kinase, starts signal

Question 10

TYPES OF RECEPTORS: Intracellular

Answer 10

In Cytoplasm or nucleus, receptor binds to gene directly

Question 11

Which receptor? Ion channel, g-protein, enzymatic, or intracellular? Receives its signal in the cytosol, and goes to the nucleus to turn on genes.

Answer 11

Intracellular

Question 12

Which receptor? Ion channel, g-protein, enzymatic, or intracellular? Receives its signal from a small molecule outside the cell, which activates part of the receptor inside the cell, which phosphorylates (adds a phosphate group to) another protein to start signal transduction.

Answer 12

enzymatic

Question 13

Which receptor? Ion channel, g-protein, enzymatic, or intracellular?Receives its signal from a small molecule outside the cell, which allows charged particles to enter the cell and send an electrical signal along the membrane.

Answer 13

Ion channel

Question 14

Which receptor? Ion channel, g-protein, enzymatic, or intracellular? Receives its signal from a small molecule outside the cell, which causes another protein inside the cell to be activated, which moves to activate an enzyme In the membrane that makes a small signaling molecule.

Answer 14

G-protein