Exam #2 Cardiac Flashcards
The client diagnosed with DVT suddenly complains of severe chest pain and a feeling of impending doom. Which complication should the nurse suspect the client has experienced? A. MI B. PNA C. PE D. Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Embolism
The nurse is preparing to administer warfarin (Coumadin), an oral anticoagulant, to a client diagnosed with a pulmonary embolus. Which data would cause the nurse to question administering the medication? A. PTT is 38 B. INR is 5 C. PT is 22 D. ESR is 10
The client’s INR is 5.
The client is suspected of having a pulmonary embolus. Which diagnostic test confirms the diagnosis? A. D-dimer B. ABG C. CXR D. MRI
D-DIMER
Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement for the client diagnosed with a pulmonary embolus who is undergoing thrombolytic therapy? Select all that apply.
A. Keep protamine sulfate readily available
B. Avoid applying pressure to the venipuncture site
C. Assess for overt and covert signs of bleeding
D. Avoid invasive procedures and injections
E. Administer stool softeners
A. Keep protamine readily available
C. Assess for overt and covert signs of bleeding
D. Avoid invasive procedures and injections
E. Administer stool softeners.
The nurse is preparing to administer medications to the following clients. Which medication should the nurse question administering? A. Coumadin, when INR is 1.9 B. Regular insulin, when BG is 218 C. Heparin, when PT/PTT is 12.9/98 D. CCB, when BP is 112/82
C. Heparin with a PT/PTT is 12.9/98
The client is admitted to the surgery department with chest trauma. Which signs/symptoms indicate to the nurse the diagnosis of pneumothorax?
A. Bronchovesicular lung sounds and bradypnea
B. Unequal lung expansion and disypnea
C. Frothy, bloody sputum and consolidation
D. Barrel chest and polycythemia
B. Unequal lung expansion and disypnea
Which intervention should the nurse implement for a male client who has a left-sided chest tube for six hours and refuses to take deep breaths because of the pain?
A. Medicate the client and have the client take deep breathes
B. Encourage the client to take shallow breathes to help with the pain
C. Explain deep breathes do not have to be taken at this time
D. Tell the client if he doesn’t take deep breathes he could die
A. Medicate the client and have the client take deep breathes
The nurse is presenting a class on chest tubes. Which statement best describes a tension pneumothorax?
A. A tension pneumothorax develops when an air-filled blew on the surface of the lung ruptures
B. When a tension pneumothorax occurs, the air moves freely between the pleural space and the atmosphere
C. The injury allows air into the pleural space but prevents it from escaping from the pleural space
D. A tension pneumothorax results from a puncture of the pleura during a central line placement
C. The injury allows air into the pleural space but prevents it from escaping from the pleural space
The alert and oriented client is diagnosed with a spontaneous pneumothorax, and the HCP is preparing to insert a left-sided chest tube. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
A. Gather the needed supplies for the procedure
B. Obtain a signed informed consent form
C. Assist the client into a side-lying position
D. Discuss the procedure with the client
A. Gather the needed supplies for the procedure
The nurse is caring for a client with a right-sided chest tube secondary to a pneumothorax. Which intervention should the nurse implement when caring for this client? select all that apply.
A. Place the client in the low fowler’s position
B. Assess chest tube drainage tubing frequently
C. maintain strict bedrest for the client
D. Secure a loop of drainage tubing to the sheet
E. Observe the site for subcutaneous emphysema.
B. Asses chest tube drainage frequently
D. Secure a loop of drainage tubing to the sheet (avoid dependent loops that impede drainage or pressure)
E. Observe the site for subcutaneous emphysema.
Which assessment data indicate to the nurse the chest tube inserted 3 days ago, have been effective in treating the client with a hemothorax?
A. Gentle bubbling in the suction compartment
B. No fluctuation (tidaling) in the water-seal compartment
C. The drainage compartment has 250mL of blood
D. The client is able to deep breathe without pain.
B. No fluctuation (tidaling) in water-seal compartment
Pulmonary Embolism (PE):
Is a clot
If DVT/VTE breaks free and travels to pulmonary artery, which triggers VASOCONSTRICTION, and leads to pulmonary HTN
Results in: impaired gas exchange and tissue perfusion, hypoxia, potential death
Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Risk factors:
Immobility, surgery, trauma, CVC (PICC), Hx of thromboembolism, age, smoker, obesity, pregnancy, estrogen therapy
PE evidence based practice and QSEN:
PROM/AROM TCDB and A TED hose and SCDs Avoid constrictive clothes Anticoagulants (heparin and lovenox) Patient and family teaching Smoking cessation Frequent access circulation and perfusion
PE assessment:
Sharp, stabling chest pain on inspiration Anxious, IMPENDING DOOM Altered LOC Tachycardia Diaphoresis- cool, clammy, sweaty Dry, productive cough Low-grade fever JVD Syncope, hypotension
PE labs to assess:
Metabolic panel Troponin BNP D-Dimer Clot studies (INR)
PE imaging to assess:
PULMONARY ANGIOGRAPHY- test of choice- assess kidney function, allergies, use of metformin before contrast
CT-PA
CXR
PE interventions:
Elevate HOB, apply oxygen Activate RRT Reassurance Telemetry and continuous pulse ox IV access Assess cardiac and resp q30 mins Anticoagulants and bleed precaution- heparin and lovenox ANTIDOTE for heparin- protamine sulfate
Heparin: lab test: PTT
Normal range: 20-30 seconds
Therapeutic range: 1.5-2.5 times normal value
Coumadin: lab test: PT/INR
PT: normal value 11-12.5, therapeutic value 1.5-2.0 time the normal value
INR: normal value 0.8-1.1, therapeutic value 2.5-3.0, if recurrent PE 3.5-4.0
