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exam 2 bio lab Flashcards

1
Q

equation for cellular respiration

A

C 6H12O6+6 O2 —- 6 CO2+H2O+32 ATP
glucose oxygen carbon water chemical
raw products by=products main products

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2
Q

______and _____ are process that occur in both plant and animal

A

Respiration and fermentation

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3
Q

_______ is the partial oxidation of carbohydrates or other organic molecules to two molecules of pyruvate/pyruvic acid.

A

Glycolysis

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4
Q

glycolysis can occur in the absence or presence of _____. The efficiency of respiration is related to the presence or absence of _______.

A

Oxygen
oxygen

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5
Q

____conditions require the presence of oxygen while anaerobic conditions do not have oxygen

A

Aerobic

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6
Q

In the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions) the pyruvate formed during glycolysis is reduced to ____and ____ in plants and microorganisms and to_____ in animals by process of ______

A

carbon dioxide
ethanol alcohol
Latic acid
fermentation

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7
Q

under ____ conditions the respiration of one molecule of glucose results in a yet yield of 32 adenosine triphosphate molecules compared to the to a net yield of only 2 molecules of ATP under ______ conditions

A

Aerobic
anarobic

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8
Q

APT is the abbreviation for ________.ATP is chemical energy our cells use.

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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9
Q

The ____ we exhale from our lungs is one of the by-products from burning or respiring fuel by the cells of our bodies. When we exhale CO2 into limewater a _____ precipitate forms termed CHALK

A

CO2
white

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10
Q

what did you add to the limewater when you bubbled into the tube

A

CO2= carbon dioxide

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11
Q

Co2 is exhaled because it is a product of what?

A

Cellular respiration

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12
Q

is the white precipitation/chalk observed in the test tube of limewater before or after bubbling?

A

After the bubbling

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13
Q

When CO2 and water combine what do they from

A

Carbonic acid

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14
Q

when carbonic acid interacts with limewater what is produced

A

chalk

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15
Q

we see the chalk as what in the test tube after bubbling

A

cloudy white precipitation

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16
Q

seeds are activated by the uptake of water and being the process of _____ to break down and utilize the energy in stored plant starch.

A

cellular respiration

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17
Q

did they dye move in the respirometers with live seeds or dead seeds

A

live seeds

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18
Q

why is the dye moving? what is being consumed by the seeds?

A

Its moving due to cellular respiration and oxygen

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19
Q

what gas is the respirometer measuring

A

Oxygen=O2

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20
Q

what is the purpose of KOH

A

to absorb the carbon dioxide produced by the seeds.

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21
Q

why should the dye only move in the respirometers with live seeds?

A

because the seeds are actively respiring

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22
Q

the process of fermentation occurs in both _____and ____.In plants (plant-like organisms), reduction of pyruvic acid produces _____ and _______whereas animals (including humas) produce ______. Two ATP molecules are prodcued in both animal and plant fermentation.Bakers _____can be used to demostatre fermentation.

A

plant and animals
carbon dioxide
ethyl alcohol
lactic acid
yeasts

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23
Q

does the level of yeast solution change over time

A

yes

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24
Q

what is causing the fermentation displacement

A

fermentation producing

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25
Q

what is being produced in the fermentation of tube that we observe as tiny bubbles

A

CO2-carbon dioxide

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26
Q

what other evidence is there that fermentation is occurring

A

smell of ethanol

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27
Q

what two products of fermentation that we observe with the yeast glucose solution

A

CO2 -carbon dioxide
ethanol

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28
Q

what is the energy source for the fermentation of experiment

A

glucose

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29
Q

what is the heat energy source for the fermentation experiment

A

lamp

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30
Q

equation for photosynthesis

A

6 co2+h20 light/chlorophyll cc6h1206+6 02 carbon water glucose oxygen
raw materials conditions main product
byproduct

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31
Q

plants____ which means they make their own food

A

Autotrophic

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32
Q

plants undergo______ to make their own food

A

photosynthesis

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33
Q

which substance listed in the summary equation for photosynthesis acts as food for plants

A

glucose

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34
Q

plants and animals depend on each other. Plants provide animals with ____(gas) which is needed for cellular respiration. Animals provide plants ____(gas) which is needed for photosynthesis

A

Oxygen
CO2 Carbon

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35
Q

The _____ has been identified as the site of photosynthesis

A

chloroplast

36
Q

label the chloroplast

A

stroma is the liquid
grana is the ovals

37
Q

Photosynthesis does not occur in

38
Q

The _______reactions have an absolute requirement for light as an energy source. These reactions convert ____ energy into ___ energy and occur in the ____ or the chloroplast

A

light dependent
light
chemical
grana

39
Q

The ______ reactions use ____ energy to convert CO2 and H2O into _____. This occurs in the _____ of the chloroplast in the presence or absence of light.

A

light independent
chemical
glucose
stroma

40
Q

limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide available
water available
chlorophyll
temperature of chloroplast
amount of light

41
Q

what gas is produced during photosynthesis is shown in the tubes above as bubbles exiting the stem?

42
Q

as the intensity of light increases does the rate of photosynthesis increase or decrease how do you know

A

increases the more light they more the energy they produce

43
Q

The sodium bicarbonate solution (Na2CO3+H2O=2NaOH+CO2) provides what raw materials for _______ to occur

A

photosynthesis

44
Q

what evidence is there that photosynthesis is occuring

A

bubbles of oxygen

45
Q

_____ is a Ph indicator solution that exhibits a range of color changes corresponding to the different Ph values. Under acid conditions the color of phenol red solution is _____ and under basic conditions the phenol red solution changes to a _______ color

A

Phenol red
yellow
red/pink

46
Q

phenol red added but no bubbling of CO2 yet

A

Neutral/basic
red/pink

47
Q

phenol red added and CO2 been bubbled in

A

Acidic
yellow

48
Q

photosynthesis has been occurring for 30 minutes

A

neutral/basic
Red/pink

49
Q

phenol red is _____ in basic/neutral conditions but it is______ in acidic conditions

A

red/pink
yellow

50
Q

H2O plus phenol red is what color? what is the PH of the solution?

A

pink/red
basic/neutral

51
Q

how do we add Co2 to the tube

A

bubbling in the tube

52
Q

Once CO2 is bubbled into the H2O plus phenol red solution what color change occurs

A

turns yellow acidic

53
Q

plant will use the ___ that we bubbled into the solution to undergo ______ will this cause the solution to become basic/neutral or acidic again? we know this because the solution is what color after photosynthesis has been occurring for 30 minutes

A

CO2= carbon dioxide
photosynthesis

54
Q

what substance is being consumed during photosynthesis_______ This will remove the CO2 from the water causing the tube to be what color.

A

CO2 =carbon dioxide

55
Q

______ was developed as a technique to separate organic compounds in a mixture. The technique involves a _____ represented by the filter paper and a ____ which is a solvent mixture of petroleum ether and acetone in a 9:1 ratio

A

paper chromatography
stationary phase
moving phase

56
Q

a ratio of the distance a compound moves relative to the distance the solvent moves is called the ____

57
Q

pigment chlorophyll A color of pigment and colors of light absorbed

A

blue-green
blue-red

58
Q

pigment chlorophyll B color pf pigment and colors of light absorbed

A

Yellow-green
blue red

59
Q

pigment xanthophylls color of pigment and colors of light absorbed

A

yellow
violet-blue

60
Q

pigment carotene color of pigment and colors of light absorbed

A

yellow-orange
violet-blue

61
Q

state the two parts of the cell theory

A

cells are the structural and functional of living organisms

all cells come from per-exiting cells

62
Q

nuclear division by mitosis results in two _____which are identical (in respect to the number and genetic composition of ____ to the ______

A

Daughter cells
chromosomes
parent cell

63
Q

The chromosomes carry the hereditary factors or___

64
Q

G1,S,G2 periods are called ___ the periods between two cell division

A

interphase

65
Q

describe G1 phase

A

growth before DNA synthesis

66
Q

describe S phase

A

DNA synthesis is when cell starting to duplicate

67
Q

describe G2 phase

A

growth after DNA cell needs to grow more for the two daughters

68
Q

what are the five main components of mitotic apparatus

A

chromosomes -centromere- spindle fibers- aster rays -centrioles

69
Q

most plant cells lack in ______ and _______

A

aster rays
centrioles

70
Q

is interphase and cytokinesis apart from mitosis

71
Q

define prophase

A

Random arranged chromosomes

72
Q

define metaphase

A

lined in the middel

73
Q

define anaphase

A

when they are spaced out

74
Q

define telophase

A

when they are spaced out and pinched

75
Q

during sexual reproduction in animals two sex cells called ______ sperm and egg fuse to make on new cell. The new ____ resulting from this fusion contains material from both parents

A

Gametes
zygote

76
Q

________is the study of the development of the zygote and the embryo

A

embryology

77
Q

the zygote develops three kinds of activity

A

Mitosis
movement cells
differentiation of cells

78
Q

define fertilization

A

sperm + egg = zygote fertilized egg resulting in nucleus no longer visible due to due fusion

79
Q

define cleavage

A

zygote and early embryo divide serval time through mitosis making more cell

80
Q

define gastrulation

A

pushing in occurs causing a new cavity to from

81
Q

define organogenesis

A

formation of organ systems

82
Q

define neurulation

A

development of nervous system

83
Q

endoderm

A

inner
gut
gives rise to inner lining gut and organs delivered from it

84
Q

mesoderm

A

intermediate (middle)
muscle
gives rise to muscle the organ of circulation reproduction and excretion

85
Q

ectoderm

A

surface (outer)
skin
rise to tissues of nervous system and outer layer of integument

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