Exam 2 B Flashcards
minerals that help are related to bone components (2)
calcium
magnesium
minerals that help with bone formation
phosphorus
minerals that are associated with fluid-balance (4)
sodium
phosphorus
potassium
chloride
minerals that are involved with muscle contractions (4)
sodium
potassium
calcium
magnesium
minerals that are associated with acid-base balance (3)
sodium
sulfur
calcium
minerals that assist in transmissions of nerve impulses (4)
sodium
potassium
calcium
chloride
which mineral is a component of certain B-Vitamins and amino acids?
Sulfur
What mineral helps with detoxing the liver?
Sulfur
Which mineral is involved with stomach acid?
chloride
Which mineral assists more than 300 enzyme systems?
Magnesium
Which mineral is antibacterial?
Chloride
Which mineral is involved with providing energy to our bodies through ATP?
Phosphorus
function of fluoride
development and maintenance of healthy teeth and bones
function of iron
component of hemoglobin in blood cells
component of myoglobin in muscle cells
assist many enzyme systems
function of magnesese
assist many enzyme systems
synthesis of proteins found in bone and cartlage
Function of Zinc
assist in 100 enzyme systems
immune function
growth and sexual maturation
gene regulation
function of chronium
glucose transport
metabolism of DNA and RNA
immune function and growth
function of copper
assist enzyme systems
iron transport
function of iodine
synthesis of thyroid hormones
temperature regulation
reproduction and growth
function molybdenum
assist many enzyme systems
function of selenium
required for carbohydrate and fat metabolism
Source of selenium
nuts
shellfish
meat/fish/poultry
whole grain
source of molybdenum
legumes
nuts
grains
source of iodine
iodized salt
salt water seafood
source of copper
shellfish
organ meats
nuts
legumes
source of chronium
whole grains
brewer’s yeast
source of zinc
meat/fish/poultry
fortified cereals
legumes
source of magnesium
whole grains
nuts
leafy veggies
tea
source of iron
meath/fish/poultry
fortified cereals
legumes
spinach
source of flouride
fish seafood legumes drinking water whole grains
source of sulfur
protein-rich foods
source of magnesium
greens whole grains seeds nuts legumes
sources of calcium
milk/yogurt/cheese
sardines
collard greens & spinach
calcium-fortified juices and milk alternatives.
source of sodium
table salt
pickles
Chemical name for Vitamin A
retinol
retinal
retinoic acid
function of retinol
eyesight ability to process color
sperm production in men and fertilization in women
healthy bones and immune system
cell differentiation
source of vitamin A
beef and chicken liver
egg yolks
milk
Carotenoid precursors (spinach, carrots, mango, apricots, cantaloupe, pumpkin, yams)
chemical name for vitamin D
cholecalciferol
function of cholecalciferol
regulate blood calcium levels
maintain bone health
assist cell differentiation
source of Vitamin D
canned salmon and mackerel
milk
fortified cereals
Chemical name for vitamin K
phylloquinone
menaquinone
menadione
sources for menadione
kale
spinach
greens
brussel sprouts
function of vitamin K
serves as coenzyme during production of specific proteins that assist in blood coagulation and bone metabolism
water soluble vitamins
Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K
thiamin = ?
Vitamin B1
chemical name for vitamin B2
riboflavin
function of thiamin
enzyme cofactor for carbs and amino acid metabolism
source of vitamin B1
pork fortified cereal enriched rice and pasta peas tuna legumes
function of niacin/nicotinamide/nicotinic acid
required for carb and fat metabolism
plays a role in DNA replication and repair
chemical name for vitamin B6
pyridoxine
pyridoxal
pyridoxine
source of pyridoxal
chick peas
most cuts of meat/fish/poultry
fortified cereals
white potatoes
function of Vitamin B6
required enzyme cofactor for amino acid metabolism
required for DNA synthesis
metabolism of homocysteine
chemical name for vitamin B12
cobalamin
pantothenic acid function
assist in fat metabolism
source of pantothenic acid
meat/fish/poultry
shitake mushrooms
egg yolk
fortified cereals
biotin function
enzyme cofactor for metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbs
source of biotin
nuts
egg yolk
ascorbic acid = ?
vitamin C
Source of vitamin C
sweet peppers citrus fruits and juices broccoli strawberries kiwi
function of ascorbic acid
antioxidant in extracellular fluid and lungs
regenerates oxidized tocopherol
enhances immune function
assist with collagen synthesis
enhances iron absorption
assist synthesis of hormones, neurotransmitters, and DNA
List the fat soluble vitamins
Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Niacin/nicotinmide/nicotinic acid Vitamin B12 Folic acid Pantothenic Acid Biotin Vitamin C
5 components of an amino acid
side chain amine group acid group hydrogen central carbon
9 nonessential amino acids
Phenylalanine Valine Tryptophan Methionine Histidine Leucine Lysine Threonine Isoleucine
What are the 3 kinds of amino acids?
essential
nonessential
transamination
what does it mean to be a transamination amino acid?
When an amino acid side group and side chain is donated by other amino acids or made from broken down products of carbs and fats
What are conditionally essential amino acids?
amino acids that are typically nonessential but considered essential under certain conditions (PKU)
how is nitrogen related to protein?
Nitrogen is often used to calculate the amount of protein in a food or in someone.
If you consume more nitrogen than you exert, then you are have a + Nitrogen balance (pregnant and children). - Nitrogen balance is when you consume less nitrogen than you exert and this typically happens with elderly and leads to the loss of muscle mass.
How do you calculate how much protein you need?
0.8 g Protein/kg of body weight
athletes are advised to consume 1.2g to 2.0g per kg
1 kg = 2.2 lb
