Electrolytes

Question 1

what are the 4 electrolytes?

Answer 1

Sodium (outside cation)
Chloride (outside anion)
Potassium (inside cation)
Phosphorus (inside anion)

Question 2

Define the different kinds of body fluids

Answer 2

• intracellular: fluid within a cell
• extracellular: fluid outside of the cell
• interstitial fluid: fluid outside of the blood vessels
• intravascular fluid: water in blood & lymph
• plasma: fluids within the blood vessels

Question 3

3 factors to how much fluid an individual needs

Answer 3

tissue type (are you more lean or fatty?)
gender (males tend to be leaner)
age (lean tissues decreases with age)

Question 4

define an electrolytes

Answer 4

any substance that will dissolve and disassociate into a solution and have a charge

Question 5

What are the functions of electrolytes?

Answer 5

• regulate body fluid balance
• nervous signaling
• muscle contraction

Question 6

What are the function of body fluids?

Answer 6

• works as a solvent
• transportation
• blood volume
• blood pressure
• maintain body temp
• protects and lubricates

Question 7

How is fluid balance maintained?

Answer 7

90% is achieved through consumption and 10% is created through metabolic processes like the electron transport chain

Question 8

What are 3 ways you can loss water?

Answer 8

• sensible (peeing/excreting/sweating)
• insensible (the unseen like exhalation)
• significant (through exercise, injury, blood donation, illness, diuretics, surgery)

Question 9

Why is acid-base balance important and how is pH regulated?

Answer 9

• there is a narrow acceptable range of blood pH and reaction driven by proteins rely on the pH.
• the pH is regulated through blood buffers, respiratory compensation, and kidney excretion.

Question 10

How much fluids do we need daily? What might make the recommendation stray from the standard?

Answer 10

• eight 8 oz servings

- age, activity level, environment, and health status

Question 11

what is the function of sodium in fluid/electrolyte balance?

Answer 11

• maintenance
• blood pressure regulation
• transmission of nerve signals
• muscle contractions
• aids in absorption of glucose in the small intestines

Question 12

What is the recommended daily dose of sodium?

Answer 12

1.5 grams/day but no more than 2.3 grams/day

Question 13

What are the consequences of consuming too much sodium?

Answer 13

• high bp
• swelling
• hypermatremia
• more likely to occur when there is a low potassium intake

Question 14

What are the consequences of not consuming enough sodium?

Answer 14

• hypotremia

- can happen from prolonged sweating

Question 15

What are the functions of potassium in fluid/electrolytes balance?

Answer 15

• maintain balance
• regulate transmission of nerve impulses
• maintain a lower bp

Question 16

What are the risk with toxic levels of potassium?

Answer 16

• it is not common to consume toxic levels*
• hyperkalemia
• heart attack
• altered heart rhythm

Question 17

What can happen if you do not consume enough potassium?

Answer 17

• common with those who have diabetes

- hypokalemia

Question 18

What are the functions of chloride in fluid/electrolyte balance?

Answer 18

• aids in digestion
• helps produce stomach acid/HCl production
• boost the immune system
• nerve impulses

Question 19

What is the RDA for potassium?

Answer 19

4.7 grams/day

Question 20

What is the RDA for chloride?

Answer 20

2.3 grams/day

Question 21

What are the risk that come with chloride toxicity?

Answer 21

• very similar to sodium toxicity risk

- heart issues

Question 22

What are the risk of chloride deficiencies?

Answer 22

it is rare

Question 23

What are the functions of phosphorous in fluid/electrolyte balance?

Answer 23

• ATP, DNA, & RNA
• turns on and off enzymes
• bone formation

Question 24

What is the RDA for phosphorous?

Answer 24

700 mg/day

Question 25

What are the risk of phosphorous toxicity?

Answer 25

• too much vitamin D
• kidney issues
• muscle spasms