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Respiratory Therapy 102, 103, 107 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The primary goal of acid-base homeostasis is to maintain which of the following?
A

To maintain normal pH

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2
Q
  1. What is the primary buffer system for fixed acids?
A

HCO3

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3
Q
  1. The majority of acid the body produces in a day is excreted through the lungs as CO2. What happens to the H+ ions?
A

They bind to an OH forming H2O excreted from the kidneys

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4
Q
  1. If the blood PCO2 is high, the kidneys will do which of the following?
A

Excrete greater amounts of H+ & reabsorb more HCO3

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following mechanisms helps to eliminate excess H+ via the kidneys?
A

Reabsorption of HCO3-, phosphate & ammonia buffering

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6
Q
  1. What is the primary chemical event in respiratory acidosis?
A

Increase in blood CO2 levels

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7
Q
  1. What is a normal response of the body to a failure in one component of the acid-base regulatory mechanism?
A

Compensation

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8
Q
  1. Compensation for respiratory acidosis occurs through which of the following?
A

Increase in blood HCO3 levels

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following accurately describes compensation for acid-base disorders?
A

Kidneys take hours to days to compensate for respiratory disorders

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10
Q
  1. A patient has a pH of 7.49. How would you describe this?
A

Alkalosis

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11
Q
  1. Which of the following clinical findings would you expect in a fully compensated respiratory acidosis?
A

Normal pH, ↑ PaCO2, ↑ HCO3

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12
Q
  1. How is acute respiratory acidosis accomplished?
A

For an acute increase in PCO2, the plasma (HCO3- increases by apporximately 1 mEq/L for every 10 mmHg PCO2 rise above 40 mmHg

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13
Q
  1. What is the most common cause of respiratory alkalosis?
A

Hypoxia

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following are signs and symptoms of acute respiratory alkalosis?
A

Convulsions, dizziness, paresthesia

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15
Q
  1. In a patient with partially compensated respiratory alkalosis, which of the following blood gas abnormalities would you expect to encounter?
A

Increased pH, Decreased CO2, Decreased HCO3

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16
Q
  1. What is a normal anion gap range?
A

+/-12 (8-16 mEq/L)

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17
Q
  1. A patient has an anion gap of 21 mEq/L. Based on this information, what can you conclude?
A

Metabolic acidosis

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18
Q
  1. In a patient with Kussmaul’s respirations, what acid-base disturbance would you expect to see?
A

Metabolic Acidosis, Keto acidosis

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19
Q
  1. What is the treatment for severe metabolic acidosis?
A

NaHCO3

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20
Q
  1. Which of the following states that the rate of gas diffusion is inversely proportional to the weight of the gas?
A

Graham’s Law

21
Q
  1. Correction of metabolic alkalosis may involve which of the following?
A

Restoring normal fluid volume
Administering acidifying agents
Restoring normal K+ and Cl- levels

22
Q
  1. What is the normal range for BE?
A

+/-2 mEq/L

23
Q
  1. What cation is the most prominent in the intracellular compartment?
A

Potassium

24
Q
  1. What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia?
A

Kidney disease

25
Q
  1. Which of the following drugs can be used to temporarily lower K+ in severe hyperkalemia?
A

Insulin, calcium gluconate, Na+ salts, or large volumes of hypertonic glucose.

If those measures fail, peritoneal or renal dialysis can aid in K+ removal

26
Q
  1. Which of the following describes serum Ca2+?
A

Ionized
protein bound
complex

27
Q
  1. Clinical signs of hypokalemia would include which of the following?
A

muscle spasms and rapid respirations. muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias. confusion and irritability

28
Q
  1. What are normal values for serum Mg2+?
A

1.7-2.1 mEq/L

29
Q
  1. What is the normal range for serum phosphate?
A

1.2-2.3 mEq/L

30
Q
  1. Which of the following values would be increased for a patient with COPD?
A

PaCO2

31
Q
  1. Which of the following substances is(are) almost totally reabsorbed from the tubules?
A

Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Chloride (Cl)
-Bicarbonate (HCO3)

32
Q
  1. Which of the following mechanisms control potassium excretion?
A

Aldosterone

33
Q
  1. Which of the following organs is the most powerful and complete in its ability to restore a normal pH?
A

Kidneys

34
Q
  1. What is the normal range for BUN?
A

8-23 mg/dL

35
Q
  1. What is the normal range for creatinine?
A

0.7-1.3mg/dL

36
Q
  1. Which factors are considered when predicting lung volumes?
A 
age
height
gender
ethnicity
sometimes weight
37
Q
  1. Approximately how much of a forced expiratory maneuver is effort dependent?
A

30%

38
Q
  1. Normally, the percentage of the total volume exhaled during an FEV1 by a 20 year old individual is?
A

83%

39
Q
  1. The volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation is the
A

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

40
Q
  1. At sea level, the alveolar water vapor pressure is normally about
A

47 mm Hg

41
Q

PAO2 equation

A

(Pb - PH2O)FiO2 – (PaCo2 * 1.25)

mmHg

42
Q

CcO2 equation

A

(Hb * 1.34) + (PAO2 * 0.003)

mL/dL O2

43
Q

CaO2 equation

A

(Hb * 1.34 * SaO2) + (PaO2 * 0.003)

mL/dL O2

44
Q

CvO2 equation

A

(Hb * 1.34 * SvO2) + PvO2 * 0.003)

mL/dL O2

45
Q

Total oxygen delivery

A

Qt (CaO2 * 10)

mLO2/min

46
Q

Arterial-venous oxygen content difference

A

C(a-v) O2 = CaO2 – CvO2

mL/dLO2

47
Q

Intrapulmonary shunting Qs/Qt

A

(CcO2 – CaO2)/(CcO2 – CvO2)100

%

48
Q

Oxygen consumption VO2

A

Qt(C(a-v)O2 * 10)

mLO2/min

49
Q

Oxygen Extraction Ratio

A

[C(a-v)O2 /CaO2]100

%

Respiratory Therapy 102, 103, 107 (5 decks)

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