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S20 PD > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how common is chest pain in PCP

A

10% of all visits

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2
Q

what is the most common symptoms associated with coronary heart disease

A

chest pain

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3
Q

classic chest pain sympmtoms

A

with exertion…

pain, pressure, tightness

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4
Q

atypical symptoms

A

cramping, grinding, tearing, ripping, jaw/tooth/arm/neck pain

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5
Q

what is a paplitation

A

awareness of heartbeat

pounding, skipping, racing, fluttering

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6
Q

differential diagnosis for palpitations

A

anxiety, arrhythmia (afib/pac/pvc) hyperthyroidism

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7
Q

dysnpnea

A

uncomfortable awareness of breathing that is innaprpriate for level of exertion

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8
Q

orthopnea

A

dyspnea that occurs when supine and improves with sitting up

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9
Q

paroxysmal noctural dyspnea

A

sudden dyspnea and orthopnea that awake patient from sleep

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10
Q

differential diagnosis for SOB

A

anxiety, pulmonary, GI, cardiac

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11
Q

swelling

A

accumulation of fluid in extravascular interstial space

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12
Q

how many liters of fluid can be absorbed before pitting eema appears

A

5L

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13
Q

syncope

A

transient LOC followed by rcovery

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14
Q

what is the most common cause of syncope

A

neruo cardiogenic

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15
Q

vasovagal reflex

A

loss of sns tone increases vagal tone which drops BP and heart rate

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16
Q

angina pectoris

A

temprary myocardial ischemia

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17
Q

associted symptoms wirh angina pectoris

A

chest pain worse with exertion or stress, diaphoresis, dyspnea, ausea

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18
Q

MI

A

prolonged ischemia to the heart that results in irreversible muscle damage

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19
Q

symptoms of MI

A

diaphoresis, nausea, chest pain, fatigue, not revlieaved by rest

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20
Q

CHF

A

heart failure or ventricular dysfunction

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21
Q

symptoms of right heart failure

A

edema/leg swelling

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22
Q

symptoms of left heart failure

A

dyspnea, cough, wheezing

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23
Q

pericarditis

A

irritation of parietal pleura adjacent to pericardium

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24
Q

location of discomfrot with pericarditis

A

retrosternal or precordial

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25
Q

characterisitc of pericarditis

A

pain worse with breatthing, changing positions, coughing, swlaoowing. better when sitting foreward

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26
Q

aortic dissection

A

splitting within layers of aortic wall

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27
Q

symptoms of aortic dissection

A

anterior/posterior chets pain radiating to neck/back, ripping or tearing

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28
Q

what might crackles in the lungs indicate

A

pulmonary edema (left heart failure)

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29
Q

what might congestion of the liver indicate

A

right heart failure

30
Q

hepatojugular reflex

A

push down on the liver and fluid pooled in the hepatic venous system is forced back upward toward the heart causing JVD

31
Q

what do abdominal bruits indicate

A

turbulent blood flow in the aorta, renal arteries or splenic artery

32
Q

0 pulse

A

absent

33
Q

1 pulse

A

weak, thready

34
Q

2 plulse

A

normal

35
Q

3 pulse

A

full, bounding

36
Q

allen test

A

tests patency of ulnar and radial arteries

37
Q

what is important to check prior to checking abg

A

allen test

38
Q

palpable abdominal pulses

A

aorta

39
Q

non palpable abdominal pulses

A

celiac, SMA, IMA

40
Q

pulsus alternans

A

regular pulse with alternating strength of pulse

41
Q

pitting edema

A

palpable swelling, accumulation of fluid in interstitial space

42
Q

1+ pitting edema

A

2 mm

43
Q

2+ pitting edema

A

4 mm

44
Q

3+ pitting edema

A

6 mm

45
Q

4+ pitting edema

A

8 mm

46
Q

PAD

A

pain claudications worse with exertion and leg elevation

47
Q

risk factors for PAD

A

older than 65, older than 50 woth history of smoking/DM, hx of CAD, black, fam hx of AAA

48
Q

symptoms of PAD

A

pain with exertion and non healing wounds

49
Q

aorto-iliac

A

butt, hip, thigh

50
Q

illiac-pudental

A

ED

51
Q

common femoral

A

thigh

52
Q

superficial femoral

A

upper calf

53
Q

politeal

A

lower calf

54
Q

tibial or peroneal

A

foot

55
Q

celiac or mesenteric

A

abdominal

56
Q

what would lead to a strong suspicion of PAD

A

delayed response and diminished or absent peripheral pulses

57
Q

what causes varicose veins

A

incompentancy of valves and weakness of the walls of the veins

58
Q

causes of varicose veins

A 
pregnancy
obesity
constipation
tumor
hereditary
59
Q

risk factors varicose veins

A

age, sitting/standing long periods of time, sedentary, obesit, preg, fam hx

60
Q

venous stasis

A

chronic permanent skin changes that are associated with chronic venous insufficiency

61
Q

primary raynauds

A

no definable cause

62
Q

secondary raynauds

A

related to autoimmune disease

63
Q

arterial ulcerations

A

diastal location or traumatic

64
Q

venous ulcerations

A

around ankles

65
Q

neuropathic ulcers

A

pressure points

66
Q

why is DVT concerning

A

carrys 90% of blood back to the heheart

67
Q

symptoms of DVT

A

pain, swelling, red

68
Q

hoffmans sign

A

discomfort in leg with forced dorsiflexion of the foot

69
Q

superficial thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation, thrombosis in superficial veins, lower prob of traveling to heart

70
Q

doppler studies

A

used to evaluate for competency of veins

71
Q

abi

A

less than 0.9 normal

low sens, high spec

S20 PD (3 decks)

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