Cardio exam Flashcards
class 1 murmur
can only be heard in a quiet room
class 2 murmur
soft, audible
class 3 murmur
loud
class 4 murmur
loud with thrill
class 5 murmur
loudest with stethoscope and thrill
class 6 murmur
can be heard without stethoscope on chest. thrill
systolic murmurs
SL stenosis
AV regurg
diastolic murmurs
AV stenosis
SL regurgitation
when is S1 heard
systole
where is s1 heard best
apex
when is s2 heard
diastole
where is s2 best heard
base
when is a split s2 heard
diastole after s2
where is a split s2 best heard
base
causes of split S2
physiologic with inspiration
RV overload
failure of the valves individually
when is S3 heard
early diastole after s2
where is s3 best heard
apex along left sternal border
low pitched- kentucky
causes of S3
rapid filling of blood into ventricle
- physiologic if less than 30
- CHF
- HTN
- constrictive pericarditis
when is s4 heard
late diastole after s1
Tennessee
causes of S4
atrial contraction into a stiffened ventricle HTN cardiomyopathy AMI AMR AS
cause of MVP
mitral regurgitation
findings of MVP
non-ejection click
standing= early systole
squatting= late systole
imaging: billowing left leaflet
findings with pericardial friction rub
rough, scratchy sound heard during inspiration (sitting up and leaning forward)
where is a pericardial friction rub best heard
along left sternal border
