Exam 2

Question 1

what hormone inhibits (prevents) lipolysis?

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

what hormone does NOT increase with increasing exercise intensities or prolonged exercise?

Answer 2

insulin

Question 3

what hormone is associated with enhancing glucose entry into the cell?

Answer 3

insulin

T3 & T4

Question 4

what hormone(s) is associated with an increase in gluconeogenesis?

Answer 4

glucagon

Question 5

a decrease in the activity of hormone receptors during high activity of the associated hormone is called:

Answer 5

desensitization or downregulation

Question 6

norepinephrine concentrations increase at ________ exercise intensities, and epinephrine concentrations increase at ________ exercise intensities

Answer 6

moderate

high

Question 7

which group of hormones exerts metabolic and cardiovascular effects during exercise? (think of what correlates with SNS response)

Answer 7

catecholamines

Question 8

an example of a target cell for glucagon is:

Answer 8

liver cells

Question 9

during exercise, 4 important hormones for increasing plasma glucose concentrations are glucagon, cortisol, __________, and _________

Answer 9

norepinephrine

epinephrine

Question 10

the breakdown of triglycerides into FFA’s, a process called _________, can be stimulated by the hormone _________

Answer 10

lipolysis
growth hormone (GH)

Question 11

the brains appetite control center is located in the _________.

Answer 11

hypothalamus

Question 12

what hormone is released from adipose tissue?

Answer 12

leptin

Question 13

when is RER > 1?

Answer 13

as exercise intensity reaches max

Question 14

as submaximal exercise intensity increases, VO2 ________ ____________

Answer 14

increases proportiinally

Question 15

what is oxygen deficit?

Answer 15

O2 demand > O2 consumption in EARLY exercise

Question 16

during high-intensity sprints (20s), what is the most specific cellular mechanism of fatigue?
(think about what energy system would be utilized and what that system has excess of after ATP are produced)

Answer 16

Pi accumulation

Question 17

the greatest declines in prolonged endurance performance in the heat occur at what temperature?

Answer 17

87 degrees

Question 18

if muscle pH falls to 6.4, what occurs in the cell that promotes fatigue?

Answer 18

glycogen breakdown stops

Question 19

the method of estimating total-body energy expenditure that includes measurement of room gas and heat exchange is called __________

Answer 19

direct calorimetry

Question 20

what is exercise induced fatigue is related to? (3 things)

Answer 20

a build-up of metabolic by-products
reduced release of ACh
perceived discomfort

Question 21

mechanisms of neuromuscular fatigue likely occur within the:

Answer 21

synapse between the neuron and muscle

Question 22

what RER represents a close to an equal reliance on fats and carbs?

Answer 22

0.84

Question 23

the point during intense exercise at which metabolism becomes ANAEROBIC is the:

Answer 23

lactate threshold
anaerobic threshold
ventilatory threshold

Question 24

Successful endurance athletes likely have:

Answer 24

a high economy of effort
high VO2max
high anaerobic threshold

Question 25

during an acute VO2max test, cardiac output at max is dramatically higher than it was at submax intensities due to:

Answer 25

HR changes

Question 26

what is the Fick Equation?

Answer 26

O2 consumption= CO x aVO2 difference

Question 27

as exercise intensity increases, ________ will increase as well

Answer 27

mean arterial blood pressure

systolic blood pressure

Question 28

what happens to ventilation during exercise?

Answer 28

TV increases at low, moderate, and high exercise intensities
BR increases at moderate and high exercise intensities
total ventilation increases at all intensities

Question 29

at rest, what is an average of CO measurement?

Answer 29

5L of blood per minute

Question 30

during exercise, what does CO approximately increase to?

Answer 30

20-40L of blood per minute

Question 31

how would oxygen consumption differ between:
workout 1 – 10, 1 minute running intervals, 1.5 minutes of rest between
workout 2 – 2 hour run?

use the following terms in your answer: oxygen deficit, steady state oxygen consumption, and EPOC.

Answer 31

–

Question 32

what hormonal changes occur in order to provide energy for each of the workouts previously stated?

Answer 32

–

Question 33

name 6 cardiorespiratory changes that occur in order to maintain the steady state prolonged exercise bout (a 2 hour run)

Answer 33

continuous stimulation of SNS
continuous release epinephrine & norepinephrine
steady HR until max is reached
BR remains constant until max
TV remains constant until max
ventilation remains constant until max
continuous cortisol release to stimulate metabolism/oxidation
steady blood flow to muscle to get needed amount of O2 and substrates