exam 2 Flashcards
invented the phonograph in 1887
he also patented the phonograph in 1878 as a kind of answering machine
Thomas Edison
a German engineer who had immigrated to America, developed a better machine that played round, flat disks, or records. He called it the gramophone and patented it in 1887.
Developed technique that enabled him to mass produce his round records, bringing sound recording into its mass medium stage.
Emile Berliner
today it is quickly growing in popularity. we are shifting from ownership of music to access of music because of this.
2010s-music on demand
streaming music
music that appeals either to a wide cross section of the population of to sizable subdivisions within the larger public based on age, region, or ethnic background
pop music
what were the influences of rock and roll
muddled the distinction between high and low culture, masculinity and femininity, the country and the city, the north and the south, and the sacred and the secular
the growth of rock and roll
first musical form to simultaneously transform the structure of sound recording and radio
many social, cultural economic, and political factors leading up to the 1950s contributed to growth including black migration, growth of youth culture, and beginnings of racial intergration
type of music played by untrained musicians and preserved oral culture
folk music
order of popular music
Jazz Rock n Roll soul folk Punk Rock Grunge and Alternative Hip hop Pop
what is the music ownership like
it is an oligopoly, however there is a rise in market share for independent labels
what is the music business divided into
making the music
selling the music
dividing all the profits
the convergence of internet
Offers greater accessibility; resulted in a leap in viability and market share for indie labels and haved changed the cultural landscape of the music industry
patents wireless telegraphy; father of radio
Marconi
Invented by Marconi. Got patent in 1896. Introduced point-to-point messaging used on ships. Made idea of radio marketable.
wireless telegraphy
what were the radio patent battles about?
who the true father of radio was, it was a fight between MArconi and Alexander Popov who was doing this at the same time in Russia. Marconi ended up winning the title because he patented it first
act that required ships to have radio equipment
ship act of 1910
did the first voice broadcast
reginald fessenden
made to oversee licenses and negotiate channel problems; later became the FCC
federal radio commission
radio stations are required to operate in the “public interest, convenience, or necessity”
radio act of 1927
1932-radio broadcasts about aliens people thought was true
war of the worlds
what were the prime time hours?
in the 1930s: in the evenings
now: drive time (6-9 am; 4-7 pm)
term for type of radio stations that target audiences according to their age, incBEome, gender, or race/ethnicity
radio format
father of television; high school student who created tv
Philo Farnsworth
fcc issued a freeze on licenses from 1948 to 1952 because of the finite number of channels and frequency-interference
tv freeze of 1948
1959 - rigged quiz shows resulting in public anger, networks realized they needed more control
quiz show scandal
antennae were launched into space to broadcast signals to TVs in rural/hard-to-reach areas
cable channel success
began during the VCR era, occurs when viewers record shows and watch them at a later, more convenient time
time switching
Smartphones, iPods, iPads, and mobile TV devices
fourth screens
popular form of early tv programming that brought live dramatic theater to television; influenced by stage plays, and it brought new teleplays, casts, directors, writers, and sets from week to week
anthology drama
a narrative form well suited to tv because the main chars appear every week, sets and locales remain the same, and technical crews stay with the program; features new adventures each week, but a handful of chars emerge w whom viewers can regularly identify
episodic series
popularity of reality tv shows
introduce chars that are “like us” and not like celebrities
much less expensive to produce than sitcoms and dramas
the sweeping update of telecommunications law that led to a wave of media consolidation
Telecommunications Act of 1996
Opened the first nickelodeon in France in 1896
George Melies
early movie theaters that showed short movies for 5 cents
nickelodeons
an actress known as “America’s Sweetheart”; demanded her face to be on every poster; demanded a lot of money; paved the way for future celebrities
mary pickford
studios would make one good movie and a couple bad ones; they would sell them as a package to theaters
illegal now
block booking
racist movie that glorifies the KKK
birth of a nation
movies with sound
talkies
movie/tv convergence
movies being broadcasted on tv
