exam 1 Flashcards
the cultural industries–the channels of communication–that produce and distribute songs, novels, news, movies, online computer services, and other cultural products to a large number of people
mass media
the technological merging of media content across various platforms
convergence
what are the 5 phases of media
oral, written, print, electronic, and digital
what are the four contributions of the telegraph
- Made it to where messages could be delivered instantaneously
- Information became a commodity, a ‘thing’ that could be bought or sold
- It became easier for military, business, and political leaders to coordinate operations
- Led to future technological developments
people seek media that match w/ their own cultural beliefs and interests
selective exposure
3 Stages in emergence of new mass mediums
novelty
entrepreneurial
mass medium
inventors and technicians try to solve a particular prob
novelty
inventors and technicians determine a practical and marketable use for the new device
entrepreneurial
businesses figure out how to market the new device or medium as a consumer product
mass medium
perceiving culture as a hierarchy with supposedly superior products at the top and inferior ones at the bottom
skyscraper model
culture that is on the top floors of the skyscraper
contain culture like ballet, symphonies, art museums, classic lit–things that people can remember forever and/or respect
high culture
cultures that is on the bottom floors of the skyscraper
contains culture like soap operas, video games, rock music–things that people will easily forget
low culture
5 concerns about low culture
an inability to appreciate fine art a tendency to exploit high culture a throwaway ethic a diminished audience for high culture dulling our cultural tastebuds
weakness of skyscraper model
opinionated
we judge forms of culture as good or bad based on a combination of personal taste and aesthetic judgments a society makes at particular historical times
map model
weakness of map model
too complex to design feasible study
19th century industrial revolution- mid 20th cent
values efficiency, individualism, rationalism, and progress
modernism
mid 20th centure- today
focuses more on populism, diversity, nostalgia, and paradoxes( a bit hypocritical)
theres no absolute truth
post-modernism
Steven Johnson
Media is making us smarter
sleeper curve
5 steps of the media literary process
Description Analysis Interpretation Evaluation Engagement
info-search services, such as IE, Firefox, Chrome, that offer detailed organizational maps to the internet
web browsers
a company that provides Internet access to homes and businesses for free
internet service providers (ISPs)
sites that contain articles in reverse chronological journal-like form, often with reader comments and links to other articles on the web (Weblog)
blogs
sites on which users can create content, share ideas, and interact with friends
social networking sites
invite users to roleplay in rich 3D environments, in real time, with players throughout the world. More specifically, it enables players to take their avatars through simulated environments and make transactions with virtual money
virtual social world
grants sweeping powers to law enforcement agencies to intercept individuals’ online communications
USA Patriot Act
the socioeconomic disparity between those who do and those who do not have access to digital technology and media, such as the Internet
digital divide
scientific study of mass media research
identify research prob
review existing research and theories related to prob
develop hypothesis
determine method or research design
collect info or relevant data
analyze results to see if hypothesis is verified
interpret implications of the study to determine whether they explain or prpedict the prob
magic bullet theory or direct-effects model
media shoots their potent effects directly into unsuspecting victims
hypodermic-needle theory
media tells us what to think about, but not what to think
the idea that when the mass media focus their attention on part. events or issues, they determine the major topics of discussion of individuals and society
agenda setting
media messages have a greater impact on others, than ourselves because of personal biases
third person effect
media portrayals effect how we see reality
ex: suggests that too much tv leads people to perceive the world that is consistent w tv portrayals
cultivation effect
our tendency to not express our opinions when we think we’re in the minority
spiral of silence
we use media to satisfy our psychological and physiological needs
uses and gratification
we acquire and learn behavior through media messages
social learning theory
approach that isolates some aspect of content through testing
experiment approach
limitations of experiments
not generalizable to larger pop
most academic experiments are performed on college students
they do not predict how subjects will behave long after experiment
an organizational structure in which a few firms control most of an industry’s production and distribution resources
ex: a few firms dominate a certain industry like Facebook and Google being one of the top internet resources
oligopolies
market with many producers and sellers but only a few differential products within a particular category
limited competition
search engine that uses a computer algorithm to organize what media or searches to show
what is the shift from industrial to an information economy
first half emphasized a rival global economy then the second half became a cooperative global economy.
the emphasis on mass media production that appealed to a broad audience then changed to different medias cultivating to specific people for media
signed by Bill Clinton that started to deregulate the broadcast industry
the sweeping update of telecommunications law that led to a wave of media consolidation
What it did:
a single company could now own an unlimited # of radio and tv stations
phone companies could now own tv and radio stations
cable companies could now compete in the local phone business
cable companies could freely raise rates
telecommunications act of 1996
media being controlled by the government
regulation
media having the freedom to broadcast whatever they want and have more consumers pay money for it
deregulation
the difference of pay rate between average wage earners and CEOs
wage gap
the acceptance of the dominant values in a culture by those who are subordinate to those who hold economic and political power
hegemony
the phenomenon of American media, fashion, and food dominating the global market and shaping the cultures and identities of other nations; IS NOT EXCLUSIVE TO AMERICA
culture imperialism
