Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology 101 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Socialization

A

how we interpret cul. + func. as member of society

begins early as childhood (boy v girl and blue v pink)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

function of socialization

A

est. social identity

expectations based on what group you asso. w/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of socialization #2- Role

A

teaches us our role in respect to our status
(allow us to predict actions of others)
(although not a doctor you can expect how they will act)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

function of socialization #3- behavior

A

directs our behavior

ex. how to ask someone out on a date

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function of socialization #4- culture

A

transmits culture to next generation

observe how your parents act and follow suit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

limits of socialization

A

when socialization cannot explain behavior anymore

BIOLOGY plays own role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Primary socialization

A

when o/ decide who/ what socializes you

Ex. daycare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Secondary Socialization

A

chose who impacts you
build off primary beliefs (family)
intro. to new sectors of the world
(Ex. college can challenge beliefs and change a person_

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Process of Socialization

A

active, and continual
GOAL- dev idea of social self (what role do I play)
happens almost subconsciously by secondary soc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Conflict Theory

-of socialization

A

soc. gives advantage to one group over another in views

Ex. church over common people persuaded to believe live dependantly on the church

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functionalism Theory

-of socialization

A

desc. ppl what role they play
maintains equilibrium
encourages indiv. do their part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cooley

A

self view comes from view of others
Looking glass self idea
change behavior by ppls rxn to you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Looking glass self

A

perception- imagine how we appear v how ppl actually perceive us
interpretation- how we think ppl will judge us
response- self feelings based on how o/ think of us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mead

A

social rxns and interactions dev who we think we are

modeled by input of sig. other and generalized o/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mead- self dev.

A

composed of I and Me
I= how self impacts others
me= how you see yourself thru eyes others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stage 1 of self dev. (Mead)

A

imitation- (3 and under)
uncompliant with social norms
Ex. eating times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stage 2 of self dev. (Mead)

A

play- (3-6)
dev. roles of others
understand how o/ see wrld
ONLY 1 perspective at a time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stage 3 of self dev. (Mead)

A

game- (school years)
regulate behavior based on o/
have multiple roles
understand diff roles have diff expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Agents of Socialization

A

person/ group does socialization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Agent- Family

A

determines social status
CHILDREN CAN SOCIALIZE PARENTS
differs based on class
reflection diff work roles
concerted cultivation
parents push certain act. based class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Agent- School

A

constantly categorized
surr. by new ppl
secondary socialization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Agent- Religion

A

effect dev. of self and decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Agent- Peers

A

lack formal auth.

conflict can shape personal identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Agent- Workplace

A

how o/ indiv. act in situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Agent- Children

A

socialize parents
teach new tech and ideas
learn from peer groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fixing Faulty Socialization

A

resocialization or total institution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Faulty Soc. - Resocialization

A

norms and beliefs restructured
NOT only when fault found in socialization
happens when change environ.
Ex. college, new country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Faulty Soc. - Total Institution

A

no access old way of thinking
reinvent norms and beliefs and values
cut off old culture
Ex. mental health hospital, rehab center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Status

A

position in society comes w/ expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Status- ascribed

A

born w/ and unlikely change

Ex. race or socioeconomic status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Status- achieved

A

earned thru indiv. effort or imposed by o/
decided by ourselves
Ex. doctor, manager

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Role

A

behavior you would expect from status
flexibility in how interpret that behavior
Ex. dress attire of professor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Master Status

A

first thing people think of
can be unwanted
Ex. Micheal Phelps- a swimmer. but also a dad, business owner and dog lover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

role-strain

A

conflict btw 2 roles in same status
seem have equal importance
Ex. studying v. partying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

role-conflict

A

conflict btw status
expectations of two can clash
Ex. student athlete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Social Life As A Theatre

A

Ervine Goffman

engaging in process of impression management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Impression Management

A

controlling presentation of self

Face- esteem of self held by o/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Face-Saving

A

acting in a way to make self seem likeable to society/ others
only occurs if indiv. can help it
Ex. food in teeth v. personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Impress. Mana. - Avoidance

A

deny you did anything wrong and act like it didn’t happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Impress. Mana. - Corrective Action

A

admit you misunderstood/ correct yourself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Dramatical Theory

A

social life like stage play
depending on situation (stage) change your appearance, behavior and appeal to audience
front stage (public) and back stage (private)
Ex. instagram self vs real self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Social Construction of Reality

A

way understand world comes from experiences, which are a collection of stories
Ex. Turner and Burlet “Spit Experiment”
think of spit as more gross than saliva even though they are the same thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Soc. Const.- Gender and Race

A

not rooted in biology

categories we made for belonging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Soc. Const.- Age

A

made help understand cul. stages

used as a baseline for making laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Soc. Const.- Beauty

A

“standard of beauty” changes overtime

what is consider “in” with makeup and clothes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Soc. Const.- Marriage

A

redefining what Marriage means

co-habitation now a thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Soc. Const.- Health

A

what is considered “good health”? it has evolved over time

48
Q

Ethnomethodology

A

analyze human interaction and how dev. mutually shared social attitude
GARFINKEL
Best way understand social rules is to break them
Ex. see response when wear pajamas to awards presentation

49
Q

Ethno. breaching

A

means to break the rules
big opposition to breaching bc we like predictability and hate change
yet we know when a breach occurs bc it is diff.
everyone knows accepted way in society to address that

50
Q

Social Groups

A

learn from o/ who we are and where we belong

building blocks of society

51
Q

Group

A

two or more ppl that share a common identity

52
Q

Dyad

A

2 ppl that have to have mutual dependance for relationship to exist
Most fragile kind of group
no argument settler

53
Q

Triad

A

3 ppl, secrets can exist but still less fragile
3rd person can act as mediator, tertuis gandens- when benefit off o/ conflict or divide et impera- when intro. conflict for personal benefit

54
Q

Large group 4+

A

More ppl= more conflicts, opinions and relationships to balance

55
Q

Collection vs group

A

have no interaction btw e/o or common identity

Ex. ppl over age 75- all are different with way they live

56
Q

Group Size

A

Simmel

based on size can predict relationships and group dynamics

57
Q

Asch Test

A

Shows how much we are influenced by groups
focused on Group Conformity
Ex. line length
pressure from grp is gentle and consistent

58
Q

Milgram Studies

A

Proves how willing we are to do unjust things bc auth. suggest it
70% of ppl we willing to obey

59
Q

Primary Group

A

a personal relationship with all members
gives us our identity (like Tara and her family)
emotional wellbeing + health taken care of in grp
Ex. family

60
Q

Secondary Group

A

not as personal and more ppl
generally temporary
Ex. college lecture
gathered due to a common interest (core 2.0)

61
Q

“In” Groups

A

feel loyalty to (star bellies)

62
Q

“Out” Groups

A

refer to as “them”

ppl you don’t associate w/ or share interests w/ (nonstar bellies)

63
Q

Groups in general

A

like to define ourselves from others

groups give us an opportunity to do that and therefore work hold to uphold status of certain group member

64
Q

Reference Groups

A

give us rules to follow to be considered as apart of a group
can influence behaviors and self-confidence
model beh. after successful ppl in that group and avoid beh of others that are outsiders
Ex. look up to starting varsity players as a freshman

65
Q

Ref. Grp- Normative Fun.

A

where analyze behaviors of members in group

66
Q

Ref. Grp- Comparative Fun.

A

Looking at your position in a grp compared to others

67
Q

Ref. Grp- Rel. Gratification

A

Feeling good and blessed for what you have

68
Q

Ref. Grp- Rel. Depravation

A

Feeling bad and less privileged

69
Q

Social Network

A

set relationships btw many groups (dyads and triads)
held together by indivi. ties
Ties- explains rel. to o/ in network

70
Q

Social Net.- Embeddedness

A

relies on amnt indirect ties
more embedded= more ties

vs. weak ties- provide more opportunities
Ex. getting a job is about who you know and who they know

71
Q

Social Capital

A

info. helps indiv. enter pre-existing networks
weak and strong ties are important

argues that there is a decline in civic engagement
less face-face interaction (no front porch conversations)
like to exclude and confine ourselves to just family
internet redefined word interaction
easier to approach ppl
Ex. (asking Kaitlyn about classes)

72
Q

Organizations

A

social net. defined by common ppl
has be boundary btw membership and soc. wrld
always a systm hierarchy
informal and formal organizations

formal- rules and expec. how act
informal- free for all

73
Q

Organ.- bureaucracies

A

lrg scale, FORMAL organizaiton
focus on max efficiency
do more work in less time while using less money
impersonal
Ex. college. not about being friends with every faculty member but making money and getting kids degrees.

74
Q

Organ.- Bureaucracies- Characteristics

A 
High division of labor and specialization
Hierarchy of auth. 
strict rules
qualification based employment
          always replaceable
separation of work and ownership
75
Q

Organ.- Bureaucracies- Weaknesses

A

Low reward for work
encourages lower work ethic
rigid rules
prevents development and expansion
ritualism
closed mind to new ideas and ways of doing things
alienation
success of company is only thing that matters
law of oligarchy
company will always be controlled by few ppl

76
Q

Deviance

A

does not always have be criminal behavior. Just actions that are outside of norms
can change thur history and environment

77
Q

Deviance- Social judgment

A

NOT determining if action is morally right or wrong (that changes with cul. and place)
only deviant if you would receive a negative response and sanction

78
Q

Deviance- Socially Defined or Legally Defined

A

social- if being deviant or not is only dependant on rules society makes
legal- deviant based on criminal beh.

79
Q

Deviance- Social control

A

when actions recieve neg. attention
acts that don’t align w/ cul. norms
not wrong, just diff.

80
Q

Deviance- Relies on

A

time- norms change w/ time (clothing styles, marriage, and drinking)
place- environ. can restrict beh. (private v public)
situation- can hold back true feelings
culture- no universal right or wrong

81
Q

Functionalist Perspective of Deviance

A

crime has purpose in soc.
response/ action can bond ppl
can act defiantly to bring back social order

82
Q

Func. Persp.- Social control

A 
set mechanisms create normative compliance in indiv.
maj. violations do not happen often
              bc of attachment
                       commitment
                       involvement
                       belief
83
Q

Func. Persp.- Social bonding theory

A

more bonded to soc.= less likely commit devience

84
Q

Func. Persp.- Social cohesion

A

refers formation of bonds, and how ppl get along / relate to eachother
not until grp norms are challenged that realize devience occurrs
DURKHEIM believed in fun.
organic solidarity- based on interdependence of o,
mechanical solidarity- sm grp ppl w/ same beliefs
*actions are used to maintain social coh.

85
Q

Social Control and Deviance

A

attempts to sanction ppl
sanction- + or - response from ppl for own actions
can regulate ppl’s actions and behavior
formal or informal
formal= law. and auth. of police officers
belief to follow laws is learned through socialization
told as grow up that these are laws you are required to respect
informal= unspoken rules and expectations
maintains baseline of order
we as ppl regulate these rules on own
Ex. good- saying thank you
bad- not tipping at a restaurant

86
Q

Strain theory- Robert Merton

A

*build off Durkheim
what pushes ppl to be deviant?
all ppl expected to reach same goals “American Dream”
not everyone is given the same opportunities
what you have depends on your soc. pos.
conflict btw. values and goals
Ex. steal book need for school

87
Q

Responses to Strain theory- CIRRR

A

conformity- keep working towards goals
innovator- same goals but go about acc. them diff.
largest chance to be deviant
ritualist- focused on present and not worried about long term, has same goals but no alt. so settles w/ Amer. D.
retreatist- doesn’t care about goals or A. Dream
Rebel- create OWN goals and means of acc.
personalized thinking

88
Q

Symbolic Interactionism Theory and Deviance

A

examine ppls beliefs they use in everyday interaction

“nothing is deviant unless say it is”

89
Q

Labeling Theory

A

encourage deviance by labels put on ppl

conform to identity given to them

90
Q

Labels

A

sticky- hard to get rid of neg. views

91
Q

Labeling Theory- Primary Deviance

A

first act of rule-breaking

level of deviance is determined by authority

92
Q

Labeling Theory- Secondary Deviance

A

acts related to fulfillment of deviant label

93
Q

Stigma

A 
labels w/ neg. connotation
effect self-identity and perception
comes with expectations of behavior
how do people cope?
         hide stigma
          try deter ppl's attention by excelling in o/ areas
94
Q

Social Process Theory- REVIEW Ch. 6- Examples- Drinking

A

don’t like it at first
peers convince you it is something you should enjoy
way to socialize and connect w/ ppl
begin to understand enjoyment

95
Q

Social Process Theory- REVIEW Ch. 6- Examples- Rosenthal’s Educ. Exper.

A

told teachers going to perform exp. that predicts success of children
he randomly chose children out of each class that were considered to be “more intelligent”
teachers then expected more from these certain kids
gave kids more attention and personalized learning
kids responded to this and performed better

96
Q

Broken Windows Theory

A

explains how social context + social cues impact way ppl act
doctor crushed cars and left them in cities abandoned
signaled to ppl that appropriate to continue in beh.
ppl further vandalized car

97
Q

Reintegrative Shaming- Braithewaite

A

how we treat ppl after a crime
depends on area
east= accepting, west= isolating
represents symbolic interactionism theory

98
Q

Reintegrative Shaming- Braithewaite-Japan

A

has reintegration ceremonies for criminals
accepted back into society
helps restore social order

99
Q

Reintegrative Shaming- Braithewaite- US

A

punish and stigmatize ppl
forever label them and don’t reintegrate them
person doesn’t feel strong connection to society
more likely to participate in deviant beh.

100
Q

Conflict Theory

A 
link deviance to social inequality
upper class has rules to protect only them
           acts that are deviant depend on society's power structure
                     penalities more severe for lower class
101
Q

Crime

A

street crime v white collar crime

102
Q

Street Crime

A

committed by public
associated w/ violence, poverty and gangs
happens bc: not structure for ppl to reach goals
goes w/ strain theory and opportunities
solutions: inc. returns for working in legitimate economy
many sell weed vs working at restaurant bc get more money

103
Q

White-Collar Crime

A

performed by professional against a company, bus. or corp
*greater financial impact than street crime
hard to prevent: many offenses are secret and hidden from the public
solutions: enforce punishments that hinder companies revenue

104
Q

Crime rates

A

used to measure patterns overtime
deviance is always present
types and severity change with time
makes it hard to track

105
Q

Crime Reduction

A

Deterrence Theory
crime results from calculation of its costs and benefits
avoid actions that cause more harm

106
Q

Elements of Punishment

A

Beccaria
used inc. cost of offending
proportionality- punish. = crime
swiftness- punish. has be punctual
solidifies rel. btw. action and punish.
certainty- reliability that ppl will be punished
if punish. too harsh ppl less likely to convict

107
Q

Ele. of Punish.- Specific Deterrence

A

hope that ppl are not repeat offenders

108
Q

Ele. of Punish.- General Deterrence

A

send message to society by way of example

109
Q

Recidivism

A

when ppl revert back to criminal beh.
intro to crim. systm can reduce
harder to get job in soc
more likely to be deviant- Strain Theory

110
Q

Recidivism- Body v Soul- Foucault

A

mechanical solidarity v organic solidarity

111
Q

Body v Soul- Foucault- Mech. Solidarity

A

when ppl have shared beliefs

if violate beliefs punished physically

112
Q

Body v Soul- Foucault- Organic Solidarity

A

When ppl have an interdependence

punish soul- as way to reform society

113
Q

Responses to Deviance

A

focus on punitive justice

3 themes

114
Q

Responses to Deviance- Incarceration

A

1950-2015 up 360% of ppl in jail

115
Q

Responses to Deviance- Disenfranchisement

A

removes the ability of felon to vote

could last until sentence over or could be infinite

116
Q

Responses to Deviance- Disproportionate Imprisonment

A

certain ppl have greater chance of being imprisioned
black- 11.3%
white- 3.4%
depends on race, socio-economic status and gender

Sociology 101 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions