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CMN 122 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the female bartender tipped more? ( when little, medium, full condition or regular uniform)

A

Little - most revealing

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2
Q

What is “upping the ante” hypothesis?

A

Finding unique, new ways of expression

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3
Q

University students rated tattooed women as (3) -

A
  • less physically attractive
  • sexually promiscuous
  • heavy drinkers
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4
Q

Functions of paralanguage (4) -

A

1) regulating flow of convo
2) emotional state
3) cognition
4) speaker characteristics

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5
Q

Def. Qualities of paralanguage -

A

Vary from speaker to speaker

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6
Q

Ex: of qualities of paralanguage

A

Nasally

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7
Q

Def. Vocalizations of paralanguage -

A

Characteristics that are modified by all speakers

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8
Q

Ex of vocalizations of paralanguage -

A

Louder, quieter pitch

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9
Q

Def. Temporal characteristics of paralanguage-

A

Aspects of speech that are function of time

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10
Q

Ex of temporal characteristics of paralanguage-

A

Response latency

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11
Q

Phonetic pause:

A
  • Duration <250 ms
  • very fast
  • not detectable to human ear
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12
Q

Silent pause:

A
  • Duration >250
  • no sound
  • detectable
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13
Q

Filled pause :

A
  • duration >250 ms

- has sound in it

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14
Q

Response latency:

A

Response time from one speaker to another

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15
Q

Paralanguage and extroverts -

A
  • short response latency

- fluent speech

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16
Q

Paralanguage and introverts -

A
  • slow
  • more pauses
  • repetition
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17
Q

Paralanguage and dominant personality-

A
  • speak loud/fast

- fluent speech

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18
Q

Type “A” behavior:

A

Competitive, outgoing, ambitious

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19
Q

What 2 emotions have same characteristics?

A

Anger and joy

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20
Q

Paralanguage characteristics of anger and joy -

A

Higher pitch, loud, fast

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21
Q

Anxiety and vocal behavior-

A
  • hesitant
  • speech disturbances
  • higher response latency
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22
Q

(T/F)

More energy = more paralanguage

A

True

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23
Q

Is pitch diagnostically tool to indicate social anxiety?

A

Yes, only for men

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24
Q

When do hesitations in a convo most occur ? Why?

A

Beginning, planning what you’re going to say

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25
Q

(T/F)

Describing complicated topic greater/longer response latency?

A

True

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26
Q

(T/F)

Boys pronoun certain vowels different than girls

A

True

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27
Q

What age group does speech rate increase?

A

K-12

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28
Q

What age does speech rate decrease?

A

21-41

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29
Q

The more faster someone talks, perceived as higher _____ , but vowed as not ______

A

Expertise

Trustworthy

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30
Q

Men w/ high pitch judged less _____, _____ , and more _____

A

Truthful

Empathetic

Nervous

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31
Q

Most attractive voices were (4) -

A
  • loud
  • no monotone
  • resonance
  • not nasally
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32
Q

(T/F)

There is no correlation between attractive voice and attractive face

A

False, different levels of attraction work in agreement

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33
Q

Can fetuses recognize mothers voice?

A

Yes

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34
Q

When did subjects recalled content best?

A

When there were filled pauses

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35
Q

Relationship between accents and dialects (4)-

A
  • Imitate when talking to someone
  • liking so “match”
  • usually only face to face situations
  • usually unconscious
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36
Q

When we match ppl’s accent it is done on purpose?

A

False, it’s unconscious

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37
Q

(Did/did not)

1) children match speech rate of adult
2) teens w/ autism matched w/ adult

A

1) did

2) did not

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38
Q

If you like someone you’re more likely to be ___ to them, if you don’t like them than ___ to them

A

Closer, further

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39
Q

Fixed-feature space and Ex:

A

Unmovable

Ex: toilet

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40
Q

Semi-fixed feature space and Ex:

A

Can be moved

Ex: table, chair

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41
Q

Informal or personal space:

A

“invisible barrier around us”

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42
Q

3 categories of space -

A

1) fixed-feature space
2) semi-fixed feature slave
3) informal or personal space

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43
Q

Sociopetal:

A

Arrange furniture to communicate

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44
Q

Sociofugal:

A

Furniture to produce solitude

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45
Q

4 regions of proxemics -

A

1) intimate
2) personal
3) social
4) public

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46
Q

What region of proxemics is there least interaction?

A

Public

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47
Q

Is space learned? If so, what age is it clear?

A

Yes

5

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48
Q

Older ppl tend to like ____ spaces

A

Close

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49
Q

(T/F)

Males approach males and females the same distance

A

True

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50
Q

Crowding:

A

Invading personal space

-can be 1 person

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51
Q

Density:

A

Physical, how many non/human are around

-can’t be 1 person

52
Q

(T/F)

Ppl in closer distances left tip and we’re bigger

Difference for male/female customers?

A

True

No

53
Q

If someone upsets equilibrium of intimacy, the other person will _____

A

Compensate

54
Q

Arousal labeling theory:

A

Close distance creates arousal in the decoder

55
Q

What are the 4 facial “sign vehicles”

A

1) static
2) slow
3) rapid
4) artificial

56
Q

Sign vehicle statistic -

A

Remain consistent

Ex: position of eyes

57
Q

Sign vehicles ‘slow’ -

A

Reliability change w/age

Ex: wrinkles

58
Q

Sign vehicles ‘rapid’-

A

Change in matter of seconds

59
Q

Sign vehicles ‘artificial ‘ -

A

Cosmetics, facial treatment

60
Q

Slow sign vehicles and mortality-

A

The more slow sign vehicles then more likely to lead to mortality

61
Q

3 organizations of facial muscles -

A

1) eyes/brows
2) nose/cheek
3) mouth

62
Q

6 primary facial expressions -

A

1) disgust
2) sadness
3) happiness/joy
4) anger
5) fear
6) surprise

63
Q

Are the primary facial expressions universal?

A

Yes

64
Q

(Universal/socially and culturally different)

I’m public, expressions are _____. In private they’re _____

A

Culturally/socially different

Universal

65
Q

Feedback hypothesis:

A

Manipulating muscles leads to

Emotion

66
Q

Peripheralist:

A

Muscle activity leads to emotion

67
Q

Centralist :

A

Cognitive appraisal leads to emotion

68
Q

Characteristics of fake smiles (3)-

A
  • asymmetrical smile
  • last longer
  • appear quickly
69
Q

(T/F)

Encoding/decoding primary facials emotions is universal

A

True

70
Q

What do genes predict regarding affiliative behaviors? (4)

A

1) frequency of smiling
2) immediacy behaviors
3) facial expressiveness
4) didn’t predict dominance behaviors

71
Q

(T/F)

Genetic affects predict nonverbal behaviors

A

True

72
Q

Between males and females who decodes expressions more accurate?

A

Females

73
Q

What does neurobehavioral maturation model argue regarding females and decoding expressions?

A

Women are naturally better at decoding

-big difference

74
Q

What does the social scaffolding model argue regarding females and decoding expression?

A

Stereotypically amped thru socialization

-difference is small, then amped

75
Q

(Early in life/later in life)

Neurobehavioral maturation model occurs —

Social scaffolding model occurs —

A

Early in life

Later in life

76
Q

Recovering alcoholics and facial decoding (2) -

A
  • lower decoding accurately

- had more interpersonal problems

77
Q

(T/F)

Adults w/ and w/out autism accurately decoded between faces and circles, as well as same regions of brain activated

A

False; different regions

78
Q

Social anxiety:

A

Over-aroused in social situations

79
Q

Autism:

A

Expressive and receptive communication deficit

80
Q

Social anxiety and decoding facial expressions -

A
  • accurately decoded positive and negative expressions

- saw emotion in neutral faces

81
Q

Ppl w/ borderline personality disorder correctly identified emotion ____

A

Quicker

82
Q

Borderline personality disorder:

A

Overreact to minor incidents

83
Q

What happened when participants where shown happy/sad faces, and had heir picture taken simultaneously?

A

Their expressions matched the pictures

84
Q

What are the 3 methods of measuring facial expressions?

A

1) observer judgement
2) direct measurement
3) physiological measurement

85
Q

(T/F)

Touch has to be noticeable in order to give us reassurance and comfort

A

False

86
Q

____ is key when trying to figure out meaning of touch

A

Context

87
Q

Healing taxonomy of touch (5) -

A

1) function/professional
2) polite
3) friendship/warmth
4) love/intimacy
5) sexual arousal

88
Q

Are meanings of touch universal?

A

No, culturally different

89
Q

Findings of men getting touched intimately vs women getting touched intimately-

A

Men - the more intimate the better

Women - the more intimate the worse

90
Q

Findings between married couples getting touched intimately-

A

Men - rated positive but weak

Women - the more intimate more positive

91
Q

____ initiate more touch, ____ reciprocate touch more

A

Men

Women

92
Q

____ initiate touch in romantic relationships, ____ initiate touch in married relationships

A

Men

Women

93
Q

2 dimensions of personality and touch -

A

1) instrumental

2) autotelic

94
Q

Difference between instrumental and autotelic shoppers -

A

Instrumental - touch items only worth buying
- don’t like purchasing online

Autotelic - pleasure of touching
-impulse buyers

95
Q

Extraversion is _____ correlated w/ brain activity

A

Positively

96
Q

Touch helps _____ interpersonal relationships

A

Regulate

97
Q

Relationship between mirror neurons and touch

A

Neurons fired for both seeing touch and being touched

98
Q

Person who initiated touch seen as having (3) -

A

1) status
2) courage
3) warm personality

99
Q

(T/F)

Students who were touched by teacher gave higher ratings

A

True

100
Q

Relationship between growth, development, and touch -

A

More touch increases brain development and weight gain

101
Q

“Gate theory”:

A

Skin covered in “gates”, touching closed “gates” and reduces pain

102
Q

Attentiveness among ADD/autistic children and touch -

A

Those that were touched had higher levels of attention

103
Q

(Less or more touch)

Early relationship

Intermediate relationship

Late (engaged) relationship

Why?

A

Less - hesitant in knowing seriousness of relationship

More - need to prove

Less - don’t need reassurance

104
Q

Tie-sign:

A

Signs to signify that ppl are together

105
Q

Ekman’s neurocultural theory -

A

Facial expressions displayed same across cultures, display rules mask/differ behaviors

106
Q

Elicitors:

A

Environmental factors that produce emotional state

107
Q

Facial affect program:

A

Brain function that triggers facial muscles

108
Q

Display rules:

A

Cultural, personal, situational factors modify emotion/expressions

109
Q

Behavioral consequences:

A

Nonverbal/verbal signs of emotion

110
Q

Types of display rules (5) -

A

1) intensify
2) deintensification
3) neutralize
4) mask
5) simulation

111
Q

Display rules

Intensify:

A

Expressing emotion more intense externally than internal

112
Q

Display rules

Attenuate/deintensification:

A

Internally feeling more, externally showing less

113
Q

Display rules

Neutralize/inhibition:

A

Having emotion inside, showing none on outside

114
Q

Display rules

Masking:

A

Having an emotion internally, expressing DIFFERENT emotion

115
Q

Display rules

Simulation:

A

Showing emotion outside, but not having emotion inside

116
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis:

A

External displays of emotion can effect internal emotion

117
Q

Internalizer - ____ expressive

Externalizer - ____ expressive

A

Low

High

118
Q

(T/F)

Ppl who are internalizers leads to more physiological arousal

A

True, needs to go somewhere

119
Q

The seduction process (4)-

A

1) attention process
2) recognition phase
3) sexual-arousal phase
4) resolution stage

120
Q

What is the easiest individual difference to identify between a male and female?

A

Pitch

121
Q

What is the positive correlation with dominance (4)?

A

Leadership
Control
Power
Status

122
Q

What are the 5 functions of silence?

A

1) linkage function -bond/separate
2) affecting function - heal wound
3) revelation function - self-exploration
4) judgemental function - favor/disfavor
5) activation function - signal thoughtfulness

123
Q

Functions of space (3) -

A

Regulating convo

Attitude status

124
Q

As trust grows, distances should predictably ____

A

Diminish

125
Q

Divide territoriality:

A

Tendency to defend fixed/semi fixed feature

126
Q

Propinquity:

A

Importance of relative distance and center of power

127
Q

4 aspects of equilibrium -

A

1) eye gaze
2) topic
3) smile
4) space

CMN 122 (3 decks)

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