Exam 1 Flashcards by Jessica Rodriguez

(T/F) - Adults often interpret messages by relying more nonverbal cues than verbal cues

True

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(T/F) NV messages important for —— (5)

1) expressing emotion
2) impressions
3) relational messages
4) intimacy
5) dominance

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(T/F) NV is usually more believable than verbal messages

True

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Nonverbal communication:

All messages other than words that ppl exchange in interactive contexts

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Blinking is ______ (behavior/communication)

Winking is ______ (behavior/communication)

Why?

Behavior; w/out conscious/intent

Communication; intent, shared meaning

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What counts as communication? (3)

1) whether or not sender intends message
2) whether/not receiver pays attention/interprets message
3) receivers interpretation accurate

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Successful communication:

Person intentionally sends message

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Ex: successful communication -

S smiles at A to show she’s attracted, A interprets smile as showing attraction

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Miscommunication:

Person intends to send particular message, receiver interprets message incorrectly

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Ex: Miscommunication -

S smiles to show attraction, A interprets as acknowledging he’s in her class

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Attempted Communication:

Person intends to send message, yet no one receives it

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Ex: Attempted communication -

A never noticed S smiling at him

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Accidental communication:

When person attaches right meaning to another person’s unintentional behavior

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Ex: Unintentional Communication-

A interprets S rapid speech as nervous

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Misinterpretation:

Person attaches wrong meaning to unintentional behavior

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Ex: Misinterpretation-

S thinks A talking fast because nervous, A is actually in a hurry

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Unattended Behavior:

Behavior goes unnoticed by receiver

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Ex: Unattended behavior -

A and S both don’t realize A talking faster than normal

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Channels of NV behavior (5)-

1) kinesics - body
2) Appearance/Adornment - physical appearance, jewelry
3) Vocalics - sounds of voice, silences
4) Contact Codes - spatial communication, proxemics
5) Time & Place Codes - thru time, environmental cues

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Haptics:

Refers to touch and physical contact

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Paralanguage:

How you say words, rather than what you say

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Olfaction cues:

Smell/odor communicates

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Oculesics:

Eye behavior

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Immediacy skills def. & Ex:

Closeness, liking, intimacy

Ex: leaning forward, smiling

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Nonimmediacy def. and Ex:

Create distance, cut off comm. Ex: looking away, defensive posture

Emotional blend:

More than 1 basic emotion experienced at same time

(T/F) Deceivers usually use strategic cues to try and hide fact that lying

True

Nonstrategic cues:

Behaviors that deceivers can not control

How do you best detect deception?

Listening to voice and looking at lower body

Difference between Given behaviors & Given Off Behaviors?

Given - intentionally, under our control Given Off - unintentionally, beyond our control

What are the 4 types of Information Conveyed?

1) idiosyncratic 2) informative 3) communicative 4) interactive

Idiosyncratic:

Use/meaning unique to individual

Informative:

Shared encoding/decoding

Communicative:

Clear, conscious intention to convey message

Interactive:

Influences/modified another person’s behavior

Difference between arbitrary, iconic intrinsic behavior -

Arbitrary - no reason why it means what it means; conventional Iconic - some aspect of reference preserved Intrinsic - behavior represents & is the message you’re communicating

What are the 5 categories of NV Comm.?

1) Emblems 2) Illustrators 3) Adaptors 4) Regulators 5) Emotional Display

Emblem :

Has clear meaning, cultural

Illustrators:

Have to be followed by verbal comm

Adaptors:

Managing emotional arousal

What are the 2 types of adaptors?

1) self-adaptors | 2) object adaptors

Regulators:

“Traffic lights”; manage flow of convo

Emotional display:

Expressing emotion

What is the difference between complement and accent?

Complement - occurring at same time, sending more clear message Ex: pointing where amor sit Accent - amplify/highlight Ex: sending tents in all caps

Do you use more or less gestures during affluent speech? Why?

Less, don’t need aid of gestures

When do illustrators increase?

During face-to-face convo, when complicated topic

Embody cognition framework:

Gestures create “blueprint”

Gesture feedback hypothesis -

Gestures consistent w/ item activates words you know

Which are easy, not so easy, and hardest to decode? Emblems, illustrators, adaptors

Emblems - easiest Illustrators- not so simple Adaptors - hardest

Postural congruence:

Ppl match posture

Describe “mirror neurons” phenomena -

See an action and brains cells fire as if you were to do that action

Is body language actually a language? Why?

No, because it doesn’t have syntax or “rules”

3 functions for gaze -

1) primary 2) attraction 3) dominance

Do most ppl look while speaking or listening?

Listening

Who gazes more? M or F Young, middle age, or old

Female Young and old

Bivolent fear of Evaluation Model -

Those w/ social anxiety don’t like to be evaluated even if positive or negative

Gaze is ... (3)

1) salient (Significant) 2) arousing 3 involving

(More gaze/decrease gaze) 1) positive/neutral situation 2) negative/hostile

1) more gaze, reciprocal increase gaze | 2) more gaze, decrease response gaze

(T/F) University students wore formal clothing performed worse at abstract processing task.

False

Conspicuous consumption:

Perception/assume social class

Aesthetic distancing:

Upper class students that distance themselves from wearing name brands

Higher levels of estrogen related to clothing that was _____ , _____, and ________

Sexy, bold, showing more skin

Are women more likely to wear red during high fertility?

Yes

University students rated tattooed women as - (3)

1) less physically attractive 2) more sexually promiscuous 3) heavier drinkers

Women’s appearance in hiring by 2 decisions -

1) physical attraction | 2) clothing

Describe attract women and double edge sword

Preferred attractive over unattractive, but too attractive stereotyped as “too feminine”

Who stereotypes women on their dress code? (M/F)

Women

What are functions of NV communication- (5)

1) creating 1st impressions/making judgements 2) sending relational cues 3) expressing emotion 4) deceiving/detecting deception 5) sending messages of power/persuasion

What terms is used for describing “leaking emotion”?

Nonstrategic cues

Strategic cues:

Try to Jude fact that they’re securing, control behavior

What are 3 functions of eye gaze work -

1) primary 2) attractions 3) dominance

(Nonverbal/verbal) Ppl rely more to send positive/negative communication

Nonverbal

(Nonverbal/verbal) More important to send factual/persuasive messages

Verbal

(Nonverbal/verbal) Significant to express emotion, forming impressions, relational messages

Nonverbal

Halo Effect:

When person is judged to be attractive, also evaluated to have other positive traits

Spatial communication or proxemics:

Focused on how you use space and territory

Territoriality:

Fixed or moveable space Ex: cars, homes, furniture

Chrome I s:

How you use and perceive time

Environmental cues:

Architectural design

Exam 1 Flashcards

(79 cards)